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Question 1 of 3
1. Question
Question 1 of 3
A study of patients with pancreatic cancer assesses the efficacy of a new chemotherapy regimen. The table below presents survival information for patients treated with the new regimen:
Time, in months
Number of patients at the beginning of the interval
Number of patients who died during the interval
Percentage of patients who died during the interval
0-1
200
20
10
1-2
180
10
5.6
2-3
170
12
7
3-4
158
18
11
4-5
140
20
14
What is the probability that a patient on the new regimen is alive at 3 months?
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Question 2 of 3
2. Question
Question 2 of 3
A randomized double-blinded clinical trial is conducted to assess the role of multidrug chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with stage III – IV stomach cancer. 150 patients in the treatment group and 100 patients in the placebo group are followed for 24 months. 120 patients in the treatment group (80%) and 80 patients in the placebo group (80%) die during the follow-up period. The investigators conclude that the treatment is effective. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for such a conclusion?
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Question 3 of 3
3. Question
Question 3 of 3
A large-scale clinical trial is conducted to assess the effect of a multi-vitamin supplement on the risk of future cardiovascular events. The outcomes measured by the study are cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization procedures. According to the study results, the overall relative risk of the cardiovascular outcomes for the placebo group compared to the treatment group was 1.5, p = 0.30, although the relative risk for the 5th year of follow-up was 2.05, p = 0.01. Survival curves for the two groups were parallel during the first 3 years of observation, but began to separate the 3rd year, favoring the treatment group.
Which of the following statements is true concerning the study results given above?
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