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[h] Cardiovascular System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] Wide splitting of second heart sound is considered an exaggeration of normal splitting, it is seen in conditions that delay ………. like ………… or ………..?

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[f]IFJWIGVtcHR5aW5nLCBwdWxtb25pYyBzdGVub3NpcywgcmlnaHQgYnVuZGxlIGJyYW5jaCBibG9jay4=

[q] Fixed splitting of second heart sound can be heard during inspiration and expiration, it occurs due to …….?

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[q] Paradoxical splitting of second heart sound is heard in conditions that delay ………. like ………… or ………?

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[q] ………… is often associated with a volume-overloaded ventricle (mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation, HF). It occurs during the rapid filling of a very compliant ventricle.

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[q] …………  present in any condition that causes reduced ventricular compliance (hypertensive heart disease, aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). It coincides with atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle.

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[q] Left ventricular gallops (S3 and/or S4) are best heard with the (Bell or Diaphragm?) of the stethoscope over the cardiac apex while the patient is in the left lateral decubitus position. Listening at end (Inspiration or expiration?) makes the sound even more audible.

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[f]IGJlbGwsIGV4cGlyYXRpb24gKGJ5IGRlY3JlYXNpbmcgbHVuZyB2b2x1bWUgYW5kIGJyaW5naW5nIHRoZSBoZWFydCBjbG9zZXIgdG8gdGhlIGNoZXN0IHdhbGwpLg==[Qq]

[q] ………. cause wide and fixed splitting of S2 and can facilitate paradoxical embolism due to periods of transient shunt reversal (during straining or coughing).

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[q] The ……… wave is generated by atrial contraction and will be absent in ……….., the ……… wave is caused by bulging of the tricuspid valve into the right atrium in early systole, and the ….. wave reflects the passive increase in pressure and volume of the right atrium as it fills in late systole and early diastole.

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[q] Prominent A wave is produced by atrial contraction against high resistance as ………. or high right ventricular pressure due to ………. or ……..?

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[q] ……… waves are produced by atrial systole against a closed tricuspid valve (third degree AV block). The atria and ventricles are contracting separately and out of coordination with each other.

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[q] ………… cause absent x descend and prominent v wave.

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[q] The y-descent represents the abrupt decrease in right atrial pressure during early diastole after the tricuspid valve opens and the right ventricle begins to passively fill. It becomes prominent in …………, and absent in ………?

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[f]IGNvbnN0cmljdGl2ZSBwZXJpY2FyZGl0aXMsIGNhcmRpYWMgdGFtcG9uYWRlLg==

[x][restart]

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