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[h] Biochemistry Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] The citrate shuttle transports acetyl CoA groups from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm for fatty acid synthesis. Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate in the mitochondria to form citrate, but rather than continuing in the citric acid cycle, citrate is transported into the cytoplasm. Factors that indirectly promote this process include ……….?

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[f]IGluc3VsaW4gYW5kIGhpZ2gtZW5lcmd5IHN0YXR1cy4=

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[Qq]

[q] Acetyl CoA is activated in the cytoplasm for incorporation into fatty acids by ……….., the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis. It requires ATP, Biotin, and CO2 (ABC Carboxylase).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGFjZXR5bCBDb0EgY2FyYm94eWxhc2Uu[Qq]

[q] …………. inhibits the action of mitochondrial carnitine acyltransferase, thereby inhibiting beta-oxidation of newly formed fatty acids.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE1hbG9ueWwtQ29BLg==

[q] ……. lacks glycerol kinase and is strictly dependent on glucose uptake to produce DHAP for triglyceride synthesis.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFkaXBvc2UgdGlzc3VlLg==

[q] ……… Catalyzes esterification of 2⁄3 of plasma cholesterol.

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[f]IExlY2l0aGluLWNob2xlc3Rlcm9sIGFjeWx0cmFuc2ZlcmFzZSAoTENBVCku

[q] ………. mediates transfer of cholesterol esters to other lipoprotein particles.

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[f]IENob2xlc3Rlcm9sIGVzdGVyIHRyYW5zZmVyIHByb3RlaW4u

[q] ………. degrades TGs remaining in IDL.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEhlcGF0aWMgbGlwYXNlLg==[Qq]

[q] …….. degrades TGs stored in adipocytes.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEhvcm1vbmUtc2Vuc2l0aXZlIGxpcGFzZS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

13 years old patient presenting with abdominal distention, foul-smelling stool, failure to thrive, spinocerebellar degeneration, progressive ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa + Laboratory studies show very low plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and chylomicrons, VLDLs, and apoB are entirely absent from the blood + Intestinal biopsy shows normal intestinal mucosal architecture, but the enterocytes contain clear or foamy cytoplasm which is more prominent at the tips of the villi + peripheral blood smear shows acanthocytes?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFiZXRhbGlwb3Byb3RlaW5lbWlhIGR1ZSB0byBkZWZpY2llbmN5IGluIEFwb0ItNDgsIEFwb0ItMTAwIChBdXRvc29tYWwgcmVjZXNzaXZlKS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

14 years old patient presenting with hyperlipidemia, pancreatitis (abdominal pain), eruptive skin xanthomas (small yellowish papules surrounded by erythema that occur mainly on extensor surfaces of extremities) and hepatosplenomegaly + labs show significantly increased with serum triglyceride concentrations above 1000 mg/dl?

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[f]IEh5cGVyY2h5bG9taWNyb25lbWlhIGR1ZSB0byBMaXBvcHJvdGVpbiBsaXBhc2Ugb3IgYXBvbGlwb3Byb3RlaW4gQy1JSSBkZWZpY2llbmN5Lg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

20 years old patient presenting with ST elevation  MI + tendon (Achilles) xanthomas, Xanthelasma (a type of xanthoma usually found on the medial eyelids), and corneal arcus?

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[f]IEZhbWlsaWFsIGh5cGVyY2hvbGVzdGVyb2xlbWlhLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

24 years old patient presenting with Premature atherosclerosis, tubero-eruptive xanthomas, palmar xanthomas + labs show Chylomicrons, VLDL?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IER5c2JldGFsaXBvcHJvdGVpbmVtaWEu[Qq]

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