[qwiz style=”width: auto !important; min-height: auto !important; border-width: 4px !important; border-color: #0099cc !important; ” align=”center”]

[h] Cardiovascular System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

52 years old female presenting with unilateral headache, visual disturbances,  jaw claudication, proximal stiffness in the arms, hips, and elevated ESR + Biopsy of the temporal artery shows segmental granulomatous inflammation of the media?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFRlbXBvcmFsIChHaWFudCBDZWxsKSBBcnRlcml0aXMu

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

38 years old Asian female presenting with visual disturbance, ataxia, nystagmus, and absent pulse in the upper extremity?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFRha2F5YXN1IEFydGVyaXRpcy4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

34 years old male patient wit history of  hepatitis B infection presenting with hypertension, abdominal pain with melena, peripheral neuropathy, and cutaneous manifestations including livedo reticularis and palpable purpura + renal artery biopsy shows different stages of transmural inflammation with fibrinoid necrosis producing a ‘string-of-pearls’ appearance on imaging?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBvbHlhcnRlcml0aXMgTm9kb3NhLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

4 years old child presenting with bilateral conjunctivitis, maculopapular rash, unilateral cervical adenopathy, strawberry tongue, erythema, edema, desquamation of the hands and feet since a week ago?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEthd2FzYWtpIERpc2Vhc2Uu

[q] Although the systemic inflammation in Kawasaki disease (KD) typically self-resolves in about 12 days without intervention, untreated patients are at risk for life-threatening cardiovascular sequelae, especially ………?. The dilated arteries are prone to ………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGNvcm9uYXJ5IGFydGVyeSBhbmV1cnlzbXMsIHRocm9tYm90aWMgb2NjbHVzaW9uIGFuZCBjb25zZXF1ZW50IG15b2NhcmRpYWwgaXNjaGVtaWEgYW5kIGRlYXRoLg==

[q] Treatment of Kawasaki Disease is ………….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGFzcGlyaW4gYW5kIElWSUcu[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

31 years old heavy smoker male presenting with intermittent claudication, gangrene, autoamputation of digits + Biopsy of the affected vessel shows segmental thrombosing inflammation often extends into contiguous veins and nerves?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJ1ZXJnZXIgRGlzZWFzZSAodGhyb21ib2FuZ2lpdGlzIG9ibGl0ZXJhbnMpLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

46 years old patient presenting with nasopharyngeal ulcerations, hemoptysis with bilateral nodular lung infiltrates that is not responsive to antibiotics, hematuria, elevated BUN and creatinine + Blood test is c-ANCAs positive + Biopsy reveals large necrotizing granulomas in the lung and upper airway?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEdyYW51bG9tYXRvc2lzIHdpdGggcG9seWFuZ2lpdGlzIChXZWdlbmVyKS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

46 years old patient presenting with bilateral nodular lung infiltrates that is not responsive to antibiotics, hematuria, elevated BUN and creatinine + Blood test is P-ANCAs positive + No granulomas in lung biopsy?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE1pY3Jvc2NvcGljIFBvbHlhbmdpaXRpcy4=[Qq]

[q] Asthma + peripheral eosinophilia + serum P-ANCA positive make ……….. is the most likely diagnosis.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVvc2lub3BoaWxpYyBncmFudWxvbWF0b3NpcyB3aXRoIHBvbHlhbmdpaXRpcyAoQ2h1cmctU3RyYXVzcyBTeW5kcm9tZSku[Qq]

[q] ………… is a systemic hypersensitivity disease of uncertain etiology that produces leukocytoclastic angiitis in small vessels of the dermis and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and presents clinically with a purpuric rash (usually occurs on the lower extremities and buttocks), colicky abdominal pain, and polyarthralgia.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEhlbm9jaC1TY2jDtm5sZWluIFB1cnB1cmEgKEltbXVub2dsb2J1bGluIEEgdmFzY3VsaXRpcyku[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

40 years old patient with history of hepatitis C presenting with  joint pain, skin lesions, and hepatosplenomegaly + Blood test is positive for IgM against Fc portion of IgG that precipitates in the Cold?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE1peGVkIGNyeW9nbG9idWxpbmVtaWEu[Qq]

[q] ………… presents with recurrent aphthous ulcers, genital ulcerations, uveitis, erythema nodosum. It has high incidence in people of Turkish and eastern Mediterranean descent.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJlaMOnZXQgc3luZHJvbWUu

[q] ………… block voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels of cardiac and smooth muscle and work on blood vessels more than the heart. Used for treatment of hypertension, angina (including Prinzmetal), Raynaud phenomenon and cause peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IERpaHlkcm9weXJpZGluZXMgY2FsY2l1bSBjaGFubmVsIGJsb2NrZXJzIChBbWxvZGlwaW5lLCBjbGV2aWRpcGluZSwgbmljYXJkaXBpbmUsIG5pZmVkaXBpbmUsIG5pbW9kaXBpbmUpLg==

Jm5ic3A7

[Qq]

[q] ……….. block voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels of cardiac and smooth muscle and work on the heart more than blood vessels. Used for treatment of hypertension, angina, atrial fibrillation/flutter and cause cardiac depression, AV block, hyperprolactinemia (verapamil increases prolactin level), constipation.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vbi1EaWh5ZHJvcHlyaWRpbmVzIGNhbGNpdW0gY2hhbm5lbCBibG9ja2VycyAoZGlsdGlhemVtLCB2ZXJhcGFtaWwpLg==

[q] ……………. are useful for treating hypertensive patients with comorbid conditions such as migraine, essential tremor, angina pectoris/prior myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJldGEgYmxvY2tlcnMu

[q] Beta blockers lower blood pressure via reducing myocardial contractility and heart rate and decreasing renin release by the kidney.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJldGEgYmxvY2tlcnMu

[q] ……………. ↓ arteriolar and venous resistance and is used for treatment of of both benign prostatic hyperplasia and hypertension. It causes first-dose syncope, orthα1 blockers:ostatic hypotension, and urinary incontinence as side effects. They have good effect on lipid profile (↑ HDL, ↓ LDL).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IM6xMSBibG9ja2VyczogUHJhem9zaW4=LCBkb3hhem9zaW4=LCB0ZXJh[Qq]zosin. Tamsulosin is an α₁ blocker that acts only on prostate (no effect on blood vessels).

[q] ………… work by α2 stimulation –> ↓ in sympathetic outflow. Used for treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension, opiate withdrawal, hypertensive management in pregnancy. Abrupt discontinuation of —> upregulation of α1 receptors on blood vessels –> rebound hypertension.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENlbnRyYWwgzrEyIGFnb25pc3RzIChjbG9uaWRpbmUgYW5kIG1ldGh5bGRvcGEpLg==

[q] …………. work by ↑ cGMP –> smooth muscle relaxation –> Vasodilates arterioles > veins; afterload reduction. Used for treatment of severe hypertension (particularly acute), HF, Frequently coadministered with a β-blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia, and Preeclampsia (safe in pregnancy). It causes SLE-like syndrome in slow acetylators, Edema, and Reflex tachycardia (contraindicated in angina/CAD).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFZhc29kaWxhdG9ycyBBY3RpbmcgVGhyb3VnaCBOaXRyaWMgT3hpZGUgKEh5ZHJhbGF6aW5lKS4=

[q] ……… works by ↓ TPR via dilation of both arterioles and venules. Used for treatment of hypertensive emergencies (used IV). Can cause cyanide toxicity as side effect.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFZhc29kaWxhdG9ycyBBY3RpbmcgVGhyb3VnaCBOaXRyaWMgT3hpZGUgKE5pdHJvcHJ1c3NpZGUpLg==

[q] Antidotal treatment of cyanide toxicity can be achieved by …………., …………… and ……..?[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==

[f]

JiM4MjExOyBEaXJlY3QgYmluZGluZyBvZiBjeWFuaWRlIGlvbnMgKGh5ZHJveG9jb2JhbGFtaW4pLg==
CiYjODIxMTsgSW5kdWN0aW9uIG9mIG1ldGhlbW9nbG9iaW5lbWlhIChzb2RpdW0gbml0cml0ZSku
CiYjODIxMTsgVXNlIG9mIGRldG94aWZ5aW5nIHN1bGZ1ciBkb25vcnMgKHNvZGl1bSB0aGlvc3VsZmF0ZSku[Qq]

[q] …………  works as an antidote in cyanide toxicity by providing additional sulfur groups for rhodanese, enhancing cyanide detoxification.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNvZGl1bSB0aGlvc3VsZmF0ZS4=[Qq]

[q] ………. work by opening K channel, causing hyperpolarization of smooth muscle –> results in arteriolar vasodilation (arteriole specific). Used for treatment of insulinoma, Severe hypertension, and baldness. Cause hypertrichosis (minoxidil), hyperglycemia (↓ insulin release),  edema, and

reflex tachycardia.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IERydWdzIEFjdGluZyB0byBPcGVuIFBvdGFzc2l1bSBDaGFubmVscyAoTWlub3hpZGlsIGFuZCBkaWF6b3hpZGUpLg==

[q] The management of hypertensive emergency requires immediate but gradual blood pressure reduction over minutes to hours to minimize target organ damage. The most common rugs used are ………, ……., and ……..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IG5pdHJvcHJ1c3NpZGUsIGxhYmV0YWxvbCwgb3IgdGhlIEQxIGFnb25pc3QgZmVub2xkb3BhbS4=[Qq]

[q] Since …………. is the only intravenous agent that improves renal perfusion, it may be exceptionally beneficial in hypertensive patients with concomitant renal insufficiency.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGZlbm9sZG9wYW0u[Qq]

[q] Chronic (preexisting) hypertension in pregnancy is often treated with …………….., while preeclampsia (new-onset hypertension in pregnancy) is treated with ……………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IG1ldGh5bGRvcGEgb3IgbGFiZXRhbG9sLiBsYWJldGFsb2wgb3IgaHlkcmFsYXppbmUu[Qq]

[q] ………………… reduce the risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with hypertension and diabetes.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFuZ2lvdGVuc2luLWNvbnZlcnRpbmcgZW56eW1lIChBQ0UpIGluaGliaXRvcnMgYW5kIGFuZ2lvdGVuc2luIHJlY2VwdG9yIGJsb2NrZXJzIChBUkJzKS4=[Qq]

[q] In patients with hypertension and chronic ischemic myocardial failure, ………………. are considered to be the most effective long-term treatment option, as they inhibit myocardial remodeling and the associated deterioration of ventricular contractile function, in addition to reducing blood pressure.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFDRSBpbmhpYml0b3JzLg==[Qq]

[q] …………….. are presently first-line drugs to treat isolated systolic hypertension in nondiabetic patients (where an ACEI or ARB would be utilized first).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFRoaWF6aWRlIGRpdXJldGljcyBhbmQgZGloeWRyb3B5cmlkaW5lIGNhbGNpdW0gYW50YWdvbmlzdHMu[Qq]

[x][restart]

[/qwiz]