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[h] Cardiovascular System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] ………. is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle per beat. It equals the difference between end-diastolic volume (EDV) and End-Systolic volume (ESV).

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[q] ……….. is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute.

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[q] ……… can be determined by measuring the amount of O2 consumed by the body in a given time and dividing this by the A-V difference across the lungs.

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[q] During the early stages of exercise, CO is maintained by …….?

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[q] During the late stages of exercise, CO is maintained by …….?

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[q] Despite the sympathetic nervous system activation in response to exercise, the mean arterial pressure typically increases only 20-40 mmHg during full body exercise. The mean arterial pressure remains fairly stable during exercise due to an adaptive decrease in …….?

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[q] …….. is directly proportional to the vessel radius raised to the fourth power (F α r4).

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[q] The total resistance for a group of vessels arranged in ……. is equal to one divided by the sum of the inverse values for resistance of each of the contributing vessels.

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[q] What is the effect of Removal of organs in parallel arrangement (nephrectomy or amputation) on TPR and CO?

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[q]…….. has smallest cross-sectional area and highest velocity.

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[q] ……… have highest total cross-sectional area and lowest flow velocity. The low velocity in it facilitates the exchange of nutrients and gases with the tissues.

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[q] ………. is the peak pressure in a systemic artery during the cardiac cycle. The most important factor determining it is the stroke volume (SV).

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[q] ………. is the lowest pressure in a systemic artery during the cardiac cycle. The most important factor determining it is the resistance of the arterioles (TPR).

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[q] ………. is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures.

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[Qq]

[q] ……… is the average pressure in the artery over the complete cardiac cycle. Its equal to 2⁄3 diastolic pressure + 1⁄3 systolic pressure or DBP + 1/3 PP.

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[q] ……….. is the amount of blood loaded into left ventricle prior to each contraction. It’s approximated by ventricular EDV and depends on venous tone and circulating blood volume.

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[q] ……… is the forces resisting flow out of left ventricle. It increases when Blood pressure is high (↑ TPR) or in cases of Outflow obstruction (Aortic stenosis, HOCM)

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[q] ……… is usually presented as the percentage of the ventricular volume ejected during systole. It’s considered an index of ventricular contractility; normal is ≥ 55%.

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[q] ……… is the artery with the greatest wall tension (greatest pressure and radius).

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