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[h] Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] Spider angiomata, testicular atrophy and decreased body hair in the cirrhotic patient are due to ………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGh5cGVyZXN0cmluaXNtLg==

[q] Varices and  ascites in the cirrhotic patient are due to ………?

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[f]IHBvcnRhbCBoeXBlcnRlbnNpb24u

[q] Increased …….. are indicators of hepatocellular damage, and increased …….. indicate biliary injury.

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[f]IGFzcGFydGF0ZSBhbWlub3RyYW5zZmVyYXNlIChBU1QpIGFuZCBhbGFuaW5lIGFtaW5vdHJhbnNmZXJhc2UgKEFMVCksIGFsa2FsaW5lIHBob3NwaGF0YXNlIGFuZCBnYW1tYS1nbHV0YW15bCB0cmFuc3BlcHRpZGFzZS4=

[Qq]

[q] ………. are reflective of liver function and are of greatest prognostic significance in patients with cirrhosis.

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[f]IFNlcnVtIGFsYnVtaW4gbGV2ZWxzLCBiaWxpcnViaW4gbGV2ZWxzLCBhbmQgcHJvdGhyb21iaW4gdGltZS4=

SHlwb2FsYnVtaW5lbWlhLCBlbGV2YXRlZCBiaWxpcnViaW4gbGV2ZWxzLCBhbmQgcHJvbG9uZ2VkIFBUIGFyZSBzaWducyBvZiBpbmFkZXF1YXRlIGxpdmVyIGZ1bmN0aW9uIChsaXZlciBmYWlsdXJlKSBhbmQgaW5kaWNhdGUgYSBwb29yIHByb2dub3NpcyBpbiBjaXJyaG90aWMgcGF0aWVudHMu

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

55 years old patient with history of liver cirrhosis presenting with altered mental status, asterixis and flapping tremors after variceal bleeding?

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[f]IEhlcGF0aWMgZW5jZXBoYWxvcGF0aHku

[q] In patients with hepatic encephalopathy, lowering of blood ammonia levels is typically accomplished with oral administration of a …….. or …… which is nonabsorbable antibiotic cause destruction of gut bacteria → less conversion of dietary protein to ammonia.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGRpc2FjY2hhcmlkZSAobGFjdHVsb3NlKSBhbmQgcmlmYXhhbWluZSwgbmVvbXljaW4u

QmFjdGVyaWFsIGFjdGlvbiBvbiBsYWN0dWxvc2UgcmVzdWx0cyBpbiBhY2lkaWZpY2F0aW9uIG9mIGNvbG9uaWMgY29udGVudHMsIHdoaWNoIHRoZW4gY29udmVydHMgYWJzb3JiYWJsZSBhbW1vbmlhIGludG8gbm9uYWJzb3JiYWJsZSBhbW1vbml1bSBpb25zLCB0cmFwcGluZyB0aGUgYW1tb25pYSBpbiB0aGUgc3Rvb2wgYW5kIGluY3JlYXNpbmcgZmVjYWwgbml0cm9nZW4gZXhjcmV0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

55 years old patient with history of liver cirrhosis and ascites presenting with fevers, chills, abdominal pain, ileus, or worsening encephalopathy + Paracentesis shows ascitic fluid absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 250 cells/mm3?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNwb250YW5lb3VzIGJhY3RlcmlhbCBwZXJpdG9uaXRpcy4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

55 years old patient with history of polycythemia vera presenting with hepatomegaly, ascites, varices, abdominal pain, liver failure, no JVD, and mottled appearance of the liver?

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[f]IEJ1ZGQtQ2hpYXJpIHN5bmRyb21lLg==

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

55 years old patient presenting with portal hypertension, splenomegaly, and varicosities at portocaval anastomoses with normal liver?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBvcnRhbCB2ZWluIHRocm9tYm9zaXMu

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

12 years old child presenting with vomiting, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, altered mental status + Light microscopy of a liver biopsy shows microvesicular steatosis, the presence of small fat vacuoles in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes + Electron microscopy findings include swelling, a decreased number of mitochondria and glycogen depletion + mother tells you that she gave him over the counter drug after having fever and flu symptoms?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]UmV5ZSBzeW5kcm9tZS4=[Qq]

[q]…….. is Fatty change, hepatitis, and/or cirrhosis that develop without exposure to alcohol (or other known insult). Associated with Metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance); obesity.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vbmFsY29ob2xpYyBmYXR0eSBsaXZlciBkaXNlYXNlLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

45 years old male patient presenting with micronodular cirrhosis + diabetes mellitus + and bronze discolration of the skin + Labs show ↑ ferritin, ↓ TIBC, ↑ serum iron, and ↑ % saturation + Liver biopsy reveals accumulation of brown pigment in hepatocytes with positive Prussian blue stain.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEhlbW9jaHJvbWF0b3Npcy4=

VHJlYXRtZW50OiByZXBlYXRlZCBwaGxlYm90b215LCBpcm9uIChGZSkgY2hlbGF0aW9uIHdpdGggZGVmZXJhc2lyb3gsIGRlZmVyb3hhbWluZSwgZGVmZXJpcHJvbmUu

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

35 years old male patient presenting with liver cirrhosis + behavioral changes, dementia, chorea, and Parkinsonian symptoms + granular deposition of copper within Descemet’s membrane in the cornea on slit lamp examination + Labs show ↑ urinary copper, ↓ serum ceruloplasmin, and ↑ copper on liver biopsy?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFdpbHNvbiBkaXNlYXNlLg==

VHJlYXRtZW50IGlzIGxpZmUtbG9uZyBhbmQgZm9jdXNlcyBvbiByZW1vdmluZyBhY2N1bXVsYXRlZCBjb3BwZXIgaW4gdGhlIHRpc3N1ZXMgYW5kIHByZXZlbnRpbmcgaXRzIHJlLWFjY3VtdWxhdGlvbi4gRmlyc3QtbGluZSBtZWRpY2F0aW9ucyBpbmNsdWRlIGNvcHBlciBjaGVsYXRvcnMgc3VjaCBhcyBELXBlbmljaWxsYW1pbmUgYW5kIHRyaWVudGluZS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

31 years old patient presenting with symptoms of emphysema although he is not smoker + unexplained liver disease + liver biopsy shows intracellular granules, These globules stain reddish-pink with the periodic acid-Schiff reaction (arrows) and resist digestion by diastase.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFscGhhLTEgYW50aXRyeXBzaW4gKEExQVQpIGRlZmljaWVuY3ku

[q] High levels of dietary aflatoxin intake have been strongly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. ….. mutations have been identified in most individuals who developed hepatocellular carcinoma.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHA1My4=[Qq]

[q] Individuals with stable, compensated cirrhosis who suddenly decompensate without apparent reason should be carefully evaluated for ………., especially when serum AFP levels are also elevated.

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[f]IGhlcGF0b2NlbGx1bGFyIGNhcmNpbm9tYS4=

[q]……. are the most common malignant neoplasms of the adult liver and are 20 times more common than hepatocellular carcinoma.

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[f]IE1ldGFzdGFzZXMu

[q] ……. is a Benign tumor of hepatocytes. Associated with oral contraceptive use; regresses upon cessation of drug.

[c]IFNob3cgbWXvgqcgQmVuaWduIHR1bW9yIG 9mIGhlcGF0b2N5dGVzLiB0aGUgYW5zd2Vy[Qq]

[f]IEhlcGF0aWMgYWRlbm9tYS4=[Qq]

[q] ….. is the most common benign liver tumor, typically presenting in adults 30-50 years of age. Microscopically, these tumors consist of cavernous, blood-filled vascular spaces of variable size lined by a single epithelial layer (arrow).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENhdmVybm91cyBoZW1hbmdpb21hLg==

[q] ……. is a Malignant tumor of endothelial origin; associated with exposure to arsenic, vinyl chloride.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFuZ2lvc2FyY29tYS4=[Qq]

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