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[h] Microbiology & Antimicrobials Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (Tdt) randomly inserts bases without a template on the complementary strand in variable domain of (Heavy or light chain) only?

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[Qq]

[q] Primary lymphoid organs are sites of lymphoid-cell development (lymphopoiesis) and include ………. and ……..?

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[f]IEJvbmUgbWFycm93IChCIGx5bXBob2N5dGVzKSwgVGh5bXVzIChUIGx5bXBob2N5dGVzKS4=[Qq]

[q] Secondary lymphoid organs are sites of antigen exposure and include ………. and ……..?

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[f]IFNwbGVlbiwgTHltcGggbm9kZXMsIE11Y29zYWwtYXNzb2NpYXRlZCBseW1waG9pZCB0aXNzdWVzLg==[Qq]

[q] B lymphocytes whose idiotype has too great affinity for normal cellular molecules in the bone marrow undergoes ……. or in the periphery undergoes …….?.

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[q] ……… is expressed on all nucleated cells in the body. Consist of an α heavy chain with three extracellular domains and an intracytoplasmic carboxy-terminus and a second light chain, β2-microglobulin.

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[q] ……. is expressed (also codominantly) on the antigen-presenting cells of the body (macrophages, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells). The molecules are two chain structures of similar length, called α and β, and each possesses two extracellular domains and one intracytoplasmic domain.

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[q] Immature T-lymphocytes express both the CD4 and CD8 cell surface antigens (Double positive) in addition to a complete TCR or a pro-TCR. These lymphocytes exist in the …….. where they undergo ………?

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[q] Those that have TCRs capable of binding with low affinity will receive a ……… signal to divide and establish clones that will eventually mature in the medulla.

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[q] Those that bind too strongly to self MHC molecules will be induced to undergo ………. because these cells would have the potential to cause autoimmune disease.

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[q] The cells are directed to express only CD8 if their TCR binds ……. and only CD4 if their TCR binds ……..?

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[f]IE1IQyBjbGFzcyBJLSBQZXB0aWRlIGNvbXBsZXggbW9sZWN1bGVzLCBNSEMgY2xhc3MgSUktIFBlcHRpZGUgY29tcGxleCBtb2xlY3VsZXMu[Qq]

[q] Site of B-cell localization and proliferation in lymph nodes is ……….., and in spleen is ……..?

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[f]IENvcnRpY2FsIGZvbGxpY2xlcywgRm9sbGljbGVzIG9mIHdoaXRlIHB1bHAu

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[Qq]

[q] Site of T-cell localization and proliferation in lymph nodes is ……….., and in spleen is ……..?

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[f]IFBhcmFjb3J0ZXggcmVnaW9uIG9mIGx5bXBoIG5vZGVzLCBwZXJpYXJ0ZXJpb2xhciBseW1waGF0aWMgc2hlYXRoIChQQUxTKS4=

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[q] ……. of the lymph nodes is not well developed in patients with DiGeorge syndrome.

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[q] …….. are capable of recognizing molecules of almost any chemical composition.

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[q] …….. recognize peptides only when presented to them in the groove of an MHC molecule on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell.

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[q] …….. is a low molecular weight substance which is incapable of inducing immune response alone but when coupled with a carrier molecule (protein) it can act as an antigen.

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[q] ……… on the endothelium bind to mucin-like adhesion molecules on the phagocyte membrane and bind the cell briefly, but the force of blood flow into the area causes the cell to detach and reattach repeatedly, rolling along the endothelial surface until stronger binding forces can be elicited.

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[q] Interaction between ……….. and Ig-superfamily cellular adhesion molecules (Ig CAMs) mediates the tight binding of the phagocyte to the endothelial cell during acute inflammatory response.

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[q] …….. is a rare autosomal recessive disease in which there is an absence of CD18, which is the common β2 chain of a number of integrin molecules. These patients suffer from recurrent, chronic bacterial infections, delayed wound healing, abnormally high numbers of granulocytes in their circulation, and absent pus formation.

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[q] Both macrophages and neutrophils have membrane receptors for ……., If an antigen is coated with either of these materials, adherence and phagocytosis is enhanced.

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[q] ……… is an inherited deficiency in the production of neutrophils NADPH oxidase. These patients suffer from chronic, recurrent infections with catalase-positive organisms. Incubation of nitroblue tetrazolium to a sample of patient neutrophils failed to change its color.

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[f]IENocm9uaWMgZ3JhbnVsb21hdG91cyBkaXNlYXNlIChDR0QpLg==[Qq]

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