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[h] Microbiology & Antimicrobials Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

28 years old patient presenting with high fever, black vomitus, jaundice, albuminuria, bleeding from nose, gum, hematemesis, and melena after recent travel to south America + liver biopsy shows Councilman bodies (eosinophilic apoptotic globules)?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFllbGxvdyBmZXZlciBkaXNlYXNlIGR1ZSB0byBpbmZlY3Rpb24gd2l0aCB5ZWxsb3cgZmV2ZXIgdmlydXMgKEZsYXZpdmlyaWRhZSku[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

31 years old patient presenting with (high-grade fever) with severe pain in the bones, muscles, retroorbital, and joints (breakbone fever), headache and skin rash after recent travel to Mexico with complete resolve of the symptoms within days?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IERlbmd1ZSBmZXZlci4=

JiM4MjExOyBQcmltYXJ5IGluZmVjdGlvbiBsZWFkcyB0byBsaWZlbG9uZyBpbW11bml0eSBhZ2FpbnN0IHRoZSBzYW1lIHNlcm90eXBlLCBidXQgaW5kaXZpZHVhbHMgY2FuIGJlIGluZmVjdGVkIHdpdGggYSBkaWZmZXJlbnQgc2Vyb3R5cGUu[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

31 years old patient presenting with (high-grade fever) with severe pain in the bones, muscles, retroorbital, and joints (breakbone fever), headache and skin rash that progress to marked thrombocytopenia, respiratory/circulatory failure, and shock?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IERlbmd1ZSBoZW1vcnJoYWdpYyBmZXZlci4=

JiM4MjExOyBTZWNvbmRhcnkgaW5mZWN0aW9uIHdpdGggYSBkaWZmZXJlbnQgdmlyYWwgc2Vyb3R5cGUgY2FuIGNhdXNlIGEgbW9yZSBzZXZlcmUgaWxsbmVzcywgcG9zc2libHkgZHVlIHRvIGFudGlib2R5LWRlcGVuZGVudCBlbmhhbmNlbWVudCBvZiBpbmZlY3Rpb24sIGVuaGFuY2VkIGltbXVuZSBjb21wbGV4IGZvcm1hdGlvbiwgYW5kL29yIGFjY2VsZXJhdGVkIChub3QgYmx1bnRlZCkgVC1seW1waG9jeXRlIHJlc3BvbnNlcy4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

Newborn child presenting with microcephaly with facial features out of proportion to head size, seizures, hypertonia, and ocular abnormalities + MRI shows Loss of brain mass (cortical thinning, ventriculomegaly) as well as subcortical calcifications are typically present + his mother was in recent travel to brazil before delivery?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENvbmdlbml0YWwgWmlrYSBzeW5kcm9tZS4=[Qq]

[q] Dengue virus, Yellow fever virus, Zika virus and Chikungunya virus are arboviruses transmitted by ……….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHZlY3RvciBpcyBBZWRlcyBtb3NxdWl0b2VzLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

6 years old immigrant child presenting with maculopapular rash that begins on the face and spreads centrifugally (from the center to extremities) to the trunk and extremities and postauricular and occipital lymphadenopathy?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEdlcm1hbiAoMy1kYXkpIG1lYXNsZXMgZHVlIHRvIGluZmVjdGlvbiB3aXRoIHJ1YmVsbGEgKFRvZ2F2aXJpZGFlKS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

Newborn child presenting with blueberry muffin, microcephaly, cataracts, deafness, and patent ductus arteriosus + his mother has history of low-grade fever, a maculopapular rash with cephalocaudal progression, and polyarthritis and polyarthralgia in pregnancy?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENvbmdlbml0YWwgcnViZWxsYSBzeW5kcm9tZS4=[Qq]

[q] Which type of arboviruses that cause meningoencephalitis + flaccid paralysis (asymmetric weakness of limbs, fasciculations)?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFdlc3QgTmlsZSBmZXZlci4=

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

25 years old patient presenting with fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, anosmia (loss of smell), dysgeusia (altered taste) + RT-PCR of nasopharyngeal swab is positive for  Enveloped, helical and Positive sense ssRNA?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNldmVyZSBhY3V0ZSByZXNwaXJhdG9yeSBzeW5kcm9tZSBjb3JvbmF2aXJ1cyAyLg==[Qq]

[q] …….. encodes for gp160, a precursor glycoprotein that is cleaved to form the 2 envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41. Rapid mutation in this gene results in many gp120 antigenic variants.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVudiBnZW5lLg==[Qq]

[q] ……… encodes the enzymes reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease which participate in viral replication.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBvbCBnZW5lLg==[Qq]

[q] ………. encodes the core proteins, the most important of which is p24.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEdhZyBnZW5lLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

HIV positive patient with CD4 count less than 500 presenting with Scrapable white plaques on oral cavity + pseudohyphae on microscopy?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE9yYWwgdGhydXNoIGR1ZSB0byBDYW5kaWRhIGFsYmljYW5zIGluZmVjdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

HIV positive patient with CD4 count less than 500 presenting with Unscrapable white plaque on lateral tongue?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE9yYWwgaGFpcnkgbGV1a29wbGFraWEgZHVlIHRvIGluZmVjdGlvbiB3aXRoIEVCVi4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

HIV positive patient with CD4 count less than 500 presenting with red-purple skin lesion + Biopsy with lymphocytic inflammation?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEthcG9zaSBzYXJjb21hIGR1ZSB0byBpbmZlY3Rpb24gd2l0aCBISFYtOC4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

HIV positive patient with CD4 count less than 200 presenting with symptoms of atypical pneumonia + “Ground-glass” opacities on CXR or CT?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBuZXVtb2N5c3RpcyBqaXJvdmVjaWku[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

HIV positive patient with CD4 count less than 200 presenting with red-purple skin lesion + Biopsy with neutrophilic inflammation?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJhY2lsbGFyeSBhbmdpb21hdG9zaXMgZHVlIHRvIGluZmVjdGlvbiBCYXJ0b25lbGxhIGhlbnNlbGFlLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

HIV positive patient with CD4 count less than 100 presenting with symptoms of meningitis + Thickly encapsulated yeast on India ink stain?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENyeXB0b2NvY2NhbCBtZW5pbmdpdGlzLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

HIV positive patient with CD4 count less than 100 presenting with dysphagia + White plaques on endoscopy; yeast and pseudohyphae on biopsy?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENhbmRpZGEgRXNvcGhhZ2l0aXMu

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

HIV positive patient with CD4 count less than 100 presenting with dysphagia + punched out ulcers on endoscopy + eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions on biopsy?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEhTVi0xIEVzb3BoYWdpdGlzLg==

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

HIV positive patient with CD4 count less than 100 presenting with dysphagia + linear ulcerations on endoscopy + intranuclear inclusion with owel eye appearance?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENNViBFc2VvcGhhZ2l0aXMu

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

HIV positive patient with CD4 count less than 100 presenting with chronic watery diarrhea + Acid-fast oocysts in stool?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENyeXB0b3Nwb3JpZGl1bSBwYXJ2dW0gaW5mZWN0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

HIV positive patient with CD4 count less than 100 presenting with cotton-wool spots on fundoscopy?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENNViByZXRpbml0aXMu[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

HIV positive patient with CD4 count less than 100 presenting with solitary ring-enhancing lesion?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEItY2VsbCBseW1waG9tYSAobm9uLUhvZGdraW4gbHltcGhvbWEsIENOUyBseW1waG9tYSkgZHVlIHRvIEVCVi4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

HIV positive patient with CD4 count less than 100 presenting with Nonspecific systemic symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss) or focal lymphadenitis, and hepatosplenomegaly + Acid fast bacilli is positive but PCR failed to detect tubercular antigen?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE15Y29iYWN0ZXJpdW0gYXZpdW0taW50cmFjZWxsdWxhcmUsIE15Y29iYWN0ZXJpdW0gYXZpdW0=
CkNvbXBsZXgu[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

HIV positive patient with CD4 count less than 100 presenting with Multiple ring-enhancing lesions on MRI?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJyYWluIGFic2Nlc3NlcyBkdWUgdG8gaW5mZWN0aW9uIHdpdGggVG94b3BsYXNtYSBnb25kaWku[Qq]

[q] Presumptive diagnosis made with …….. immunoassays. These immunoassays detect ………….. and …………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEhJVi0xLzIgQWcvQWIuIHZpcmFsIHAyNCBBZyBjYXBzaWQgcHJvdGVpbiBhbmQgSWdHIEFicyB0byBISVYtMS8yLg==[Qq]

[q] AIDS diagnosis is made by …………… or ……. or ………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IA==QUlEUyBkaWFnbm9zaXM6IA==

[Qq]1. ≤ 200 CD4+ cells/mm³ (normal: 500–1500 cells/mm³).

2. CD4 percentage < 14%.

3. HIV ⊕ with AIDS-defining condition (Pneumocystis pneumonia).

[q] HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab testing is not recommended in babies with suspected HIV due to maternally transferred antibody. We use …… instead.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEhJViB2aXJhbCBsb2FkLg==[Qq]

[q] Deletion of both alleles of the gene that codes for the CCR5 receptor (homozygous CCR5 32 deletion) renders the individual ……….. to HIV infection.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHJlc2lzdGFudC4=

74KnIEhvbW96eWdvdXMgQ0NSUyBtdXRhdGlvbiDvg6AgaW1tdW5lLg==
[Qq]  Heterozygous CCRS mutation  slow course.

[q] Studies have shown that maternal prophylaxis during pregnancy with the nucleoside analog ……. reduces the risk of perinatal transmission by about two-thirds in HIV positive women who have not previously received antiretroviral therapy.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHppZG92dWRpbmUgKFpEViwgQVpUKSwgYSByZXRyb3ZpcmFsIHJldmVyc2UgdHJhbnNjcmlwdGFzZSBpbmhpYml0b3I=[Qq]

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