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[h] Microbiology & Antimicrobials Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] The most common food associated with hepatitis A infection in U.S is ……….?

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[f]IHJhdyBvciBzdGVhbWVkIHNoZWxsZmlzaCAob3lzdGVycyku[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

19 years old patient presenting with jaundice, malaise, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, right upper quadrant pain, Hepatomegaly and AST and ALT spike followed by increases in bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase + serum anti-HAV IgM in patient serum?

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[f]IEhlcGF0aXRpcyBBIGluZmVjdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[q] The hepatitis ……………… genome is a partially double stranded circular DNA molecule, and replication of this genome is accomplished through a reverse transcriptase DNA polymerase that creates an intermediate + single-stranded RNA template.

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[q] The most common outcome in HBV-infected adults (> 95%) is …………?

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[q] Which type of HBV antigens?

Noninfective envelope glycoprotein that forms spheres and tubules 22 nm in diameter.

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[q] Which type of HBV antigens?

Nucleocapsid core protein that resides within hepatocytes and is not seen as a serological marker in patient with hepatitis B infection?

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[q] Which type of HBV antigens?

Nucleocapsid core and precore protein that is a marker of high infectivity?

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[q] Interpret the following Hepatitis B serology?

– HBsAg: Positive.

– IgM anti-HBc: Positive.

– Anti-HBs: Negative.

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[q] Interpret the following Hepatitis B serology?

– HBsAg: Negative.

– IgM anti-HBc: Positive.

– Anti-HBs: Negative.

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[q] Interpret the following Hepatitis B serology?

– HBsAg: Positive.

– IgM anti-HBc: Negative.

– IgG anti-HBc: Positive.

– HBeAg: Positive.

– Anti-HBe: Negative.

– Anti-HBs: Negative.

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[f]IENocm9uaWMgSEJWIGluZmVjdGlvbiAoSGlnaCBpbmZlY3Rpdml0eSku[Qq]

[q] Interpret the following Hepatitis B serology?

– HBsAg: Positive.

– IgM anti-HBc: Negative.

– IgG anti-HBc: Positive.

– HBeAg: Negative.

– Anti-HBe: Positive.

– Anti-HBs: Negative.

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[f]IENocm9uaWMgSEJWIGluZmVjdGlvbiAoTG93IGluZmVjdGl2aXR5KQ==[Qq]

[q] Interpret the following Hepatitis B serology?

– HBsAg: Negative.

– IgG anti-HBc: Positive.

– Anti-HBs: Positive.

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[f]IEltbXVuZSBpbmRpdmlkdWFsIGZvbGxvd2luZyBuYXR1cmFsIGluZmVjdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[q] Interpret the following Hepatitis B serology?

– HBsAg: Negative.

– Anti-HBc: Negative.

– Anti-HBs: Positive.

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[q] Interpret the following Hepatitis B serology?

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[q] Interpret the following Hepatitis B serology?

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[q] The presence of …………..  in the pregnant mother significantly increases the risk of vertical transmission of the virus?

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[q] Which type of hepatitis virus?

– There is no proofreading 3′-5′ exonuclease activity built into the virion-encoded RNA polymerase. As a result, the RNA polymerase makes many errors during replication.

– The tremendous antigenic variety of this virus has significantly slowed efforts to develop a vaccine against the virus.

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[q] Which type of hepatitis virus?

– Replication-defective RNA virus that is only capable of causing infection when encapsulated with HBsAg of the hepatitis B virus.

– In a population that is universally vaccinated with recombinant HBsAg, then, this virus would not be able to replicate and would cease to be a significant threat.

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[q] Which type of hepatitis virus?

– Unenveloped, single-stranded RNA virus spread through the fecal-oral route.

– The most concerning feature of this virus is the high mortality rate observed in infected pregnant women.

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[q] Which type of viral genetics?

–  Exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes via crossing over within homologous regions.

– The resulting progeny can have recombined genomes with traits from both parent viruses.

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[q] Which type of viral genetics?

– When viruses with segmented genomes (influenza virus) exchange genetic material.

– For example, the 2009 novel H1N1 influenza A pandemic emerged via complex viral reassortment of genes from human, swine, and avian viruses.

– Has potential to cause antigenic shift.

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[q] Which type of viral genetics?

– When 1 of 2 viruses that infect the cell has a mutation that results in a nonfunctional protein, the nonmutated virus “complements” the mutated one by making a functional protein that serves both viruses.

– For example, hepatitis D virus requires the presence of replicating hepatitis B virus to supply HBsAg, the envelope protein for HDV.

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[q] Which type of viral genetics?

– Occurs with simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses.

– For progeny 1, genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated (forming pseudovirion) with the surface proteins of virus B (phenotypic masking). Type B protein coat determines the tropism (infectivity) of the hybrid virus.

– Progeny from subsequent infection of a cell by progeny 1 will have a type A coat that is encoded by its type A genetic material.

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