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[h] Nephrology Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] The kidneys secrete …………… hormone, which stimulates the production of RBC’s. Severe anemia develops in people with severe kidney disease as a result of decreased its production.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGVyeXRocm9wb2lldGluLg==[Qq]

[q] The kidney’s participate in the activation of ……………. by hydroxylating this vitamin at the number 1 position.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHZpdGFtaW4gRCAoMSwgMjUgZGloeWRyb3h5Y2hvbGVjYWxjaWZlcm9sKS4=

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] …………. can be measured by radiolabeled albumin.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBsYXNtYSB2b2x1bWUu

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] …………….. can be measured by inulin or mannitol.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEV4dHJhY2VsbHVsYXIgdm9sdW1lLg==

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] …………. is the filtration from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman’s capsule of a fluid that is nearly free of proteins.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEdsb21lcnVsYXIgZmlsdHJhdGlvbi4=

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] …………… It is the transfer of water and solutes from the filtrate back into the blood of peritubular capillaries.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFR1YnVsYXIgcmVhYnNvcnB0aW9uLg==

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] ……………… = filtration rate – reabsorption rate + secretion rate

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[f]IFVyaW5lIGV4Y3JldGlvbiByYXRlLg==

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[q] ……………… = Ux (urine concentration of x) X (urine flow rate)

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEV4Y3JldGlvbiByYXRlIG9mIHN1YnN0YW5jZSB4Lg==[Qq]

[q] The macula densa monitor the delivery of NaCl as an index of GFR (chemoreceptors). Decreased NaCl → ……….. the afferent arteriole. Increased NaCl → …….. the afferent arteriole.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGRpbGF0ZXMsIGNvbnN0cmljdHMu[Qq]

[q] ………. is formed of three layers: Fenestrated capillary endothelium, Basement membrane with type IV collagen chains and heparan sulfate, Visceral epithelial layer consisting of podocyte foot processes (FPs).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEdsb21lcnVsYXIgZmlsdHJhdGlvbiBiYXJyaWVyLg==

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] All 3 layers of Glomerular filtration barrier contain ⊝ charged glycoproteins that prevent entry of ⊝ charged molecules like …………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBsYXNtYSBwcm90ZWlucyAoYWxidW1pbnMgYW5kIGdsb2J1bGlucyku[Qq]

[q] ……….. is a volume of fluid filtered into Bowman space per unit time (volume/time). A typical value for a healthy young individual is 120 ml/min or 180 L/day.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEdGUi4=

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] ………….. is the only force that promotes filtration.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFRoZSBoeWRyb3N0YXRpYyBwcmVzc3VyZSBvZiB0aGUgZ2xvbWVydWxhciBjYXBpbGxhcmllcy4=

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[Qq]

[q] …………… which opposes filtration will increase from the beginning to the end of the glomerular capillaries because ……….. will become more concentrated.

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[f]IG9uY290aWMgcHJlc3N1cmUsIHBsYXNtYSBwcm90ZWlucy4=

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[q] ………… is a force that opposes filtration. Normally, it is low and fairly constant and does not affect the rate of filtration. However, it will increase and reduce filtration whenever there is an obstruction downstream, such as a blocked ureter or urethra (postrenal failure).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFRoZSBoeWRyb3N0YXRpYyBwcmVzc3VyZSBpbiBCb3dtYW4mIzgyMTc7cyBjYXBzdWxlLg==

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] ………. is the fraction of the plasma entering the kidney that is filtered usually expressed as a percentage.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEZpbHRyYXRpb24gRnJhY3Rpb24gKEZGKS4=[Qq]

[q] Dilation of the afferent arteriole (increase or decrease) RBF, (increase or decrease) GFR, (increase or decrease) FF.

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[f]IGluY3JlYXNlLCBpbmNyZWFzZSwgbm8gY2hhbmdlLg==

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] Constriction of the efferent arteriole (increase or decrease) RBF, (increase or decrease) GFR, (increase or decrease) FF.

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[f]IGRlY3JlYXNlLCBpbmNyZWFzZSwgaW5jcmVhc2Uu

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] Angiotensin II has a more pronounced constrictor action on the efferent arteriole. This (increase or decrease) RBF, (increase or decrease) GFR, (increase or decrease) FF.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGRlY3JlYXNlLCBpbmNyZWFzZSwgaW5jcmVhc2Uu

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] ………… = GFR x Px (plasma concentration of substance x).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEZpbHRlcmVkIExvYWQ=[Qq]

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