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[h] Nephrology Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] All substances reabsorbed in the proximal tubule depend directly or indirectly on the ……………….?. Complete inhibition of it means nothing is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.

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[q] PTH inhibits …………  in PCT → ↑ PO4 excretion.

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[q] AT II stimulates ……….. → ↑ Na, H2O, and HCO3 reabsorption (permitting contraction alkalosis).

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[q] Label the following in the graph below?

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[Qq]

3. Inulin.

4. Urea.

5. CL

6. K.

7. Na.

8. HCO3.

9. Amino acids.

10. Glucose.

[q] The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to …………. via medullary hypertonicity, but most of the …….. are retained in the lumen → Makes urine hypertonic (Concentrating segment of the nephron).

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[q] In the absence of ADH, tubular fluid is most concentrated at the end of …………….. .

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[q] The thick and thin ascending limbs of the loop of Henle are impermeable to …………….?. In the ascending limb, the osmolarity of the tubular fluid decreases due to passive reabsorption of ……….. in the thin region as well as active transport of electrolytes out of the lumen by ……… cotransporter in the thick portion.

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[q] …………. selectively inhibit the Na/K/2Cl cotransporter and reduce the positive luminal charge increasing the excretion of calcium and magnesium as well as the major electrolytes → Hypocalcemia.

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[q] ……………. inhibit the Nacl cotransporter mainly in the distal tubule which enhance Ca reabsorption by increasing the activity of ↑Ca/Na exchange.

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[q] If the water intake of the individual is high, vasopressin secretion is (increased or decreased) and water permeability of the collecting duct system is (increased or decreased), producing (dilute or concentrated) urine.

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[q] In case of Water deprivation, vasopressin secretion is (increased or decreased) and water permeability of the collecting duct system is (increased or decreased), producing (dilute or concentrated) urine.

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[q] When the body has a net production of fixed inorganic acids, ………… secrete hydrogen into the luminal fluid and generate brand new bicarbonate which is then secreted into the general circulation.

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[q] In a respiratory alkalosis, ………… secrete bicarbonate into the luminal fluid and hydrogen into the general circulation.

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[q] …………… are the primary mediators of K regulation?

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[q] In the presence of ADH: …………… contain the most concentrated fluid in the nephron, while …………. contain the most dilute fluid.

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[q] In the absence of ADH: the tubular fluid is most concentrated at …………….. and most dilute in ……………?

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