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[h] Neurology System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] Diplopia, down and out eye position, ptosis, and loss of light and coomodation reflex are characteristic for …………..?

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[q] ……….. is considered a unilateral Argyl Robertson pupil (the affected pupil reacts sluggishly to light, but better to accommodation) due to lesion of ciliary ganglion on the same side of the lesion.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFkaWXigJlzIHB1cGlsLg==[Qq]

[q] …………. is affected primarily by vascular disease (diabetes
mellitus) due to ↓ diffusion of oxygen and nutrients to the interior fibers from compromised vasculature that resides on outside of oculomotor nerve.

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[f]IE1vdG9yIGZpYmVycy4=

[q] Diplopia (double vision) only when the patient looking downwards (going downstairs or reading) and head tilting to contralateral/unaffected side to compensate for lack of intortion in affected eye is characteristic for …………..?

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[f]IENyYW5pYWwgTmVydmUgSVYgKFRyb2NobGVhciBOZXJ2ZSwgU080KS4=

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[q] ………… carry general sensation (touch, pain and temperature) of scalp, forehead, cornea, and work as the afferent (sensory) limb of blinking reflex so, its lesion will result in —> loss of general sensation in skin of forehead and scalp and loss of blinking reflex.

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[f]IE9waHRoYWxtaWMgYnJhbmNoIG9mIHRyaWdpbWluYWwgbmVydmUgKFYxKS4=

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[q] …………. carry general sensation of palate, nasal cavity, maxillary face and maxillary teeth, so, its lesion will result in —> loss of general sensation in skin over maxilla and maxillary teeth.

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[f]IE1heGlsbGFyeSBicmFuY2ggb2YgdHJpZ2ltaW5hbCBuZXJ2ZSAoVjIpLg==

[q] …………. carry general sensation of anterior two thirds of tongue, mandibular face and mandibular teeth, so, its lesion will result in loss of general sensation in skin over mandible, mandibular teeth and tongue.

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[f]IE1hbmRpYnVsYXIgYnJhbmNoIG9mIHRyaWdpbWluYWwgbmVydmUgKFYzKS4=

[q] The ………… nucleus → receives information about pain and temperature of the ipsilateral face, so, its lesion will result in loss of pain & temperature of the ipsilateral face.

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[q] The ………. nucleus → receives information about proprioception of the face (the feeling of position of the muscles).

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[q] The …………  nucleus → receives information about touch and vibratory sensation of the face.

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[f]IGNoaWVmIChtYWluKSBzZW5zb3J5Lg==

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

27 years old female presenting with severe attacks of unilateral pain along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, the patient describes the pain as “a knife stabbing my face”. The attacks are precipitated by movement of the jaw as laughing, brushing of the teeth, mastication and last several days or weeks. The patient’s symptoms improved significantly after using Carbamazepine?

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[q] The lesion of motor division of trigeminal nerve will result in —> deviation of the jaw (towards or away from) the side of the lesion?

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[q] ……… innervate only one extraocular muscle, lateral rectus (LR6) which abduct the eyeball, so, lesion of abducens nerve will result in (diplopia & internal strabismus).

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[f]IENyYW5pYWwgTmVydmUgVkkgKEFiZHVjZW5zIE5lcnZlLCBMUjYpLg==[Qq]

[q] ………… give motor innervation to Stapedius muscle, receives taste sensations from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and supplies the lacrimal gland as well as the submaxillary and sublingual salivary glands.

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[f]IENyYW5pYWwgTmVydmUgVklJIChGYWNpYWwgbmVydmUpLg==[Qq]

[q] ………….. courses through the parotid gland, but doesn’t innervate it, so it’s liable for injury in parotid surgery or compression by parotid gland tumors (usually malignant).

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[q] Lesion A will result in ………………….., while lesion B will result in …………………?

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[f]

74KnIExlc2lvbiBBOiBMZXNpb24gb2YgYWxsIHVwcGVyIG1vdG9yIG5ldXJvbnMgb2YgZmFjaWFsIG5lcnZlIHdpbGwgcmVzdWx0IGluICYjODIxMjsmIzgyMTE7Jmd0OyBjb250cmFsYXRlcmFsIGxvd2VyIGZhY2Ugd2Vha25lc3MgKG11c2NsZXMgb2YgdGhlIG5vc2UgYW5kIG1vdXRoKSwgYnV0IHVwcGVyIGZhY2UgaXMgaW50YWN0IChtdXNjbGVzIG9mIGZvcmVoZWFkIGFuZCBleWVsaWQpIGJlY2F1c2UgaXQmIzgyMTc7cyBiaWxhdGVyYWxseSBpbm5lcnZhdGVkIChjb3J0aWNvYnVsYmFyIHRyYWN0cyBvZiBib3RoIHNpZGVzKS4=

 Lesion B: Lesion of all lower motor neurons of facial nerve (lesion of facial nucleus or facial nerve fibers) will result in —> ipsilateral complete facial palsy (Bell’s palsy).

 In addition to unilateral facial paralysis, patient with Bell’s palsy may experience decreased tearing, hyperacusis, and loss of taste sensation over the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.

[q] Low frequency sound is best detected at …………, but high frequency sound is best detected at ……………?

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[f]IHRoZSBhcGV4IG9mIHRoZSBjb2NobGVhIG5lYXIgdGhlIGhlbGljb3RyZW1hLCB0aGUgYmFzZSBvZiB0aGUgY29jaGxlYSBuZWFyIHRoZSBvdmFsIGFuZCByb3VuZCB3aW5kb3dzLg==

[q] Tympanic membrane (external ear) and Ossicles (middle ear) function is to amplify (conduct) sound through the air. That’s why any lesion of external (wax accumulation) or middle ear (otitis media, otosclerosis) → cause (conductive or sensorineural) hearing loss?. But lesion of hair cells in the inner ear or cranial nerve VIII will result in → (conductive or sensorineural) hearing loss?

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[f]IGNvbmR1Y3RpdmUsIHNlbnNvcmluZXVyYWwu[Qq]

[q] Otosclerosis is abnormal growth of bone near the middle ear —> (conductive or sensorineural) hearing loss.

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[q] Noise-induced hearing loss in a rock musician who has spent a lot of time in his studio recently results from damage to ………..?.  ………… is lost first, regardless of the frequency of the sound causing the damage?

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[q] Lesion A will result in …………., but lesion B will result in ………..?

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[f]

TGVzaW9uIEEuIExlc2lvbnMgYmVmb3JlIHRyYXBlem9pZCBib2R5IChzaXRlIG9mIGNyb3NzaW5nKTogTGVzaW9uIG9mIGNvY2hsZWFyIHBhcnQgb2YgdGhlIGVpZ2h0aCBjcmFuaWFsIG5lcnZlIG9yIGNvY2hsZWFyIG51Y2xldXMgJiM4MjEyOyZndDsgcHJvZm91bmQgc2Vuc29yaW5ldXJhbCBoZWFyaW5nIGxvc3Mgd2hpY2ggd2lsbCBiZSB1bmlsYXRlcmFsIChhZmZlY3Qgb25lIHNpZGUpLCBpcHNpbGF0ZXJhbCAoaGVhcmluZyBsb3NzIHdpbGwgYmUgYXQgdGhlIHNhbWUgc2lkZSBvZiB0aGUgbGVzaW9uKSBiZWNhdXNlIHRoZXJlIHN0aWxsIG5vIGNyb3NzaW5nLg==

Lesion B. Lesions after trapezoid body: Lesion of the superior olivary nucleus, lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body or primary auditory cortex —> slight sensorineural hearing loss which will be bilateral (both sides) and decreased ability to localize sounds.

[q] In (Conductive or Sensorineural)  hearing loss: there is abnormal Rinne test (in affected ear) and weber test localizes to affected ear?

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[q] In (Conductive or Sensorineural) hearing loss (air conduction > bone conduction): there is normal Rinne test and weber test localizes to unaffected ear?

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[f]IFNlbnNvcmluZXVyYWwu

[q]  …………. is overgrowth of desquamated keratin debris within middle ear space —> may erode ossicles & mastoid air cells —> conductive hearing. Often presents with painless otorrhea. loss.

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[f]IENob2xlc3RlYXRvbWEu[Qq]

[q] ………….. is Age related bilateral/symmetric sensorineural hearing loss mostly to high pitched sounds due to loss of hair cells at the base of the chochlea (preserved low-frequency hearing at apex).

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[q] …………… is increased sensitivity to loud sounds due lesion of the facial nerve in the brain stem (weakness of the stapedius muscle that protects inner ear from loud sounds). Patients will typically complain of increased sensitivity to everyday sounds (shutting doors, ringing phones, traffic) and will often withdraw socially as a result.

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[f]IEh5cGVyYWN1c2lzLg==

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