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[h] Neurology System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] ……….. is the way that your brain moves your eyes to keep them focused on the stimulus of interest when there is a change in your head position.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFZlc3RpYnVsby1vY3VsYXIgUmVmbGV4Lg==

[q] Introduction of cool water into the external ear mimics a lesion, it (inhibits or stimulates) the semicircular duct activity on the same side, and the opposite vestibular nuclei moves the eyes slowly (toward or away) the cool-water ear. The corrective or fast phase of the nystagmus moves the eyes quickly (toward or away) from the ear where the cool water was introduced. o If there is no fast correction phase, this means there is a lesion of ………?

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[f]IGluaGliaXRzLCB0b3dhcmQsIGF3YXksIGNlcmVicmFsIGNvcnRleC4gQ09XUw==ICg=[Qq]Cold Opposite, Warm Same)

[q] 60 years old patient with history of DM, hypertension presenting with vertigo, acute onset headache, and contralateral muscle weakness. These symptoms are suggestive of (central or peripheral) vertigo?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENlbnRyYWwgdmVydGlnby4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

25 years old patient presenting with spinning/vertigo sensation, this sensation is triggered as the patient quickly lies back into a supine position with the head rotated 45 degrees?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJlbmlnbiBwYXJveHlzbWFsIHBvc2l0aW9uYWwgdmVydGlnbyAoQlBQViku[Qq]

[q] ……….. is a disorder of the inner ear characterized by an increased volume of endolymph due to defective absorption of endolymph. It is characterized by the triad of tinnitus, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss.

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[f]IE3DqW5pw6hyZSBkaXNlYXNlLg==[Qq]

[q] …………… is a Viral or post-viral inflammation of the vestibular nerve. Presents with sudden onset of severe vertigo that lasts for several days without hearing loss. The disease frequently follows an upper respiratory tract infection.

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[f]IExhYnlyaW50aGl0aXMu[Qq]

[q] Describe the abnormalities in horizontal gaze 1, 2, 3, and 4?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]

[q] ……….. give motor innervation to stylopharyngeus muscle, and receive all sensation of posterior one-third of the tongue (General sensation & Taste sensation), inner surface of tympanic membrane, Eustachian tube, tonsillar region, and upper pharynx. Its lesion will result in loss of all sensation of posterior one-third of the tongue and loss of gag reflex.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENyYW5pYWwgTmVydmUgSVggKEdsb3Nzb3BoYXJ5bmdlYWwgTmVydmUpLg==[Qq]

[q] …………. give motor innervation to muscles of palate, larynx, pharynx, receives sensory innervation from the thoracic & abdominal viscera, and is the major parasympathatic supply to the heart, the GIT glands in foregut and midgut. Its lesion will results in nasal speech & nasal regurgitation, Hoarseness, Dysphagia & palatal droop, Uvula pointing away from affected side, and Loss of gag and cough reflex.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENyYW5pYWwgTmVydmUgWCAoVmFndXMgTmVydmUpLg==[Qq]

[q] Bulbar and pseudobulbar palsy present with dysphagia, Dysarthria, Dysphonia, and Nasal regurgitation. Lower motor neuron signs (atrophy and fasciculations of the tongue, absent gag reflex) are characteristic for ……….. in contrast to ………. which presents with upper motor neuron signs (spastic tongue, exaggerated gag, and jaw jerk reflexes).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGJ1bGJhciBwYWxzeSwgcHNldWRvYnVsYmFyIHBhbHN5Lg==[Qq]

[q] Inspection of patient by inserting an otoscope speculum into the external auditory meatus in close contact with its posterior wall –> a vasovagal syncope will result leading to a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate because vagus nerve provides some cutaneous sensation to the posterior external auditory canal via ………?

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[q] Foreign bodies (chicken or fish bones) can become lodged in the piriform recess and may cause damage to ……….. impairing the cough reflex?

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[f]IGludGVybmFsIGxhcnluZ2VhbCBuZXJ2ZSAoYnJhbmNoIG9mIHN1cGVyaW9yIGxhcnluZ2VhbCBuZXJ2ZSku

[q] ………… is a purely motor nerve that supplies 2 muscles: Sternomastoid that rotate the head to the opposite side, and Trapezius that elevates the shoulder. Its lesion will results in weakness in turning head to opposite side and shoulder droop.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENyYW5pYWwgTmVydmUgVkkgKEFjY2Vzc29yeSBOZXJ2ZSku[Qq]

[q] ………… is a purely motor nerve that supplies all muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus (X). Its lesion will result in —> deviation of the tongue toward the side of the lesion on protrusion (tongue licks the lesion) due to weakened tongue muscles on affected side.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENyYW5pYWwgTmVydmUgVklJIChIeXBvZ2xvc3NhbCBOZXJ2ZSku[Qq]

[x][restart]

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