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[h] Reproductive System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] …………. is abnormal curvature of penis due to fibrous plaque within tunica albuginea that can cause pain, anxiety, and erectile dysfunction.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBleXJvbmllIGRpc2Vhc2Uu

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[q] …………… is a painful sustained erection lasting > 4 hours unrelated to sexual stimulation in patient with sickle cell disease.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IElzY2hlbWljIHByaWFwaXNtLg==[Qq]

[q] ………….. is in situ carcinoma of the penile shaft that presents as leukoplakia (white plaque).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJvd2VuIGRpc2Vhc2Uu

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[q] …………… is in situ carcinoma on the glans that presents as erythroplakia (red plaque).

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[f]IEVyeXRocm9wbGFzaWEgb2YgUXVleXJhdC4=

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[q] ………… is in situ carcinoma that presents as multiple reddish papules seen in younger patients (40s) relative to Bowen disease and erythroplasia of Queyrat and does not progress to invasive carcinoma.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJvd2Vub2lkIHBhcHVsb3Npcy4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

25 years old male presenting with localized pain and tenderness over posterior testis and pain relief with scrotal elevation, and the cremasteric reflex is present (elevation of the ipsilateral testicle when the inner thigh is stroked)?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVwaWRpZHltaXRpcy4=[Qq]

[q] The most common cause of epididymitis and orchitis in sexually active young males are ………. and ………..?

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[f]IEMuIHRyYWNob21hdGlzIGFuZCBOLiBnb25vcnJob2VhZS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

17 years old patient presenting with a profoundly tender, enlarged, high-riding testicle associated with marked scrotal swelling and erythema, absent cremasteric reflex (elevation of the ipsilateral testicle when the inner thigh is stroked) + Doppler ultrasound of the scrotum shows reduced blood flow through testicular artery?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFRlc3RpY3VsYXIgdG9yc2lvbi4=

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[q] In case of unilateral, painful testis → look for prehn sign and cremasteric reflex, if positive think about ……….., and if negative think about ………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGVwaWRpZHltaXRpcywgdGVzdGljdWxhciB0b3JzaW9uLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

34 years old patient presenting with scrotal swelling that increases in size with standing and Valsalva with a “bag of worms” appearance that does not transilluminate?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFZhcmljb2NlbGUu

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[q] ………… is a tortuous dilation of the pampiniform plexus of veins surrounding the spermatic cord and testis.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFZhcmljb2NlbGUu[Qq]

[q] Varicoceles can cause elevated scrotal temperatures, increasing the risk for ………….?

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[f]IGluZmVydGlsaXR5IGFuZCB0ZXN0aWN1bGFyIGF0cm9waHku[Qq]

[q] Varicoceles are more common on the (right or left) side?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGxlZnQu

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[q] Patients with cryptorchidism are at increased risk for …………., especially when orchiopexy (moving the undescended testes into the scrotal sac) is not performed at an early age.

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[f]IHRlc3RpY3VsYXIgY2FuY2VyLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the effect of cryptorchidism on testosterone, inhibin, LH, and FSH?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFRoZXJlIGlzIOKGkyB0ZXN0b3N0ZXJvbmUgaW4gYmlsYXRlcmFsIGNyeXB0b3JjaGlkaXNtIChMZXlkaWcgY2VsbHMgYXJlIG1vc3RseSB1bmFmZmVjdGVkIGJ5IHRlbXBlcmF0dXJlKSwgbm9ybWFsIGluIHVuaWxhdGVyYWwsIOKGkyBpbmhpYmluIGJ1dCDihpEgTEggYW5kIOKGkSBGU0ggKGF0cm9waHkvaHlhbGluaXphdGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgc2VtaW5pZmVyb3VzIHR1YnVsZXMgZHVlIHRvIOKGkSBib2R5IHRlbXBlcmF0dXJlKS4=[Qq]

[q] When the processus vaginalis fails to obliterate, peritoneal fluid may accumulate within the processus vaginalis forming ………….?

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[f]IENvbW11bmljYXRpbmcgaHlkcm9jZWxlLg==

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[q] Hydrocele can be differentiated from other testicular masses by ………..?

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[f]IHRyYW5zaWxsdW1pbmF0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[q] Communicating Hydroceles that do not resolve spontaneously should be removed surgically due to the risk of ………….?

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[f]IGluZ3VpbmFsIGhlcm5pYS4=

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[q] Most common type of testicular tumor (account for ∼ 95% of all testicular tumors) is ………?

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[q] (Seminomas or Nonseminomas) are highly responsive to radiotherapy, metastasize late, and have an excellent prognosis.

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[q] (Seminomas or Nonseminomas) show variable response to treatment and often metastasize early and have variable prognosis.

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[q] ………… is the most common testicular tumor and is comprised of large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei (resemble spermatogonia, “fried egg appearance”; forms a Painless homogeneous mass with no hemorrhage or necrosis.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]wqBTZW1pbm9tYS4=[Qq]

[q] ………… is a malignant tumor comprised of immature, primitive cells that may produce glands; forms a Painful hemorrhagic mass with necrosis. It is rare to be pure tumor and most commonly mixed with other tumor types.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVtYnJ5b25hbCBjYXJjaW5vbWEu

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[q] ……….. is the most common testicular tumor in children. Schiller-Duval bodies (glomerulus-like structures) are seen on histology. AFP is characteristically elevated.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFlvbGsgc2FjIChlbmRvZGVybWFsIHNpbnVzKSB0dW1vci4=

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[q] …………. is the most common cause of a testicular mass in males > 60 years old; often bilateral. It is not a 1° cancer; arises from metastatic lymphoma to testes and usually malignant, aggressive.

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[f]IFRlc3RpY3VsYXIgbHltcGhvbWEu

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

65 years old male presenting with difficulty of intiating urination, strain to void with incomplete voiding + the digital rectal exam findings: the prostate has a rubbery, smooth consistency +  Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is slightly elevated?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJlbmlnbiBwcm9zdGF0aWMgaHlwZXJwbGFzaWEgKEJQSCku

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[q] Microscopic or gross hematuria can sometimes arise in patients with BPH due to …………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHRoZSBmb3JtYXRpb24gb2YgbmV3LCBmcmlhYmxlIGJsb29kIHZlc3NlbHMgaW4gdGhlIGFyZWEgb2YgcHJvc3RhdGljIGh5cGVycGxhc2lhLg==

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[q] …………… occurs in the central periurethral and transition zones of the prostate (lateral and middle lobes), which compress the urethra into a vertical slit. But ………… usually arises in the peripheral, posterior region of the prostate, hence, does not produce urinary symptoms early on.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJlbmlnbiBwcm9zdGF0aWMgaHlwZXJwbGFzaWEgKEJQSCksIFByb3N0YXRlIGFkZW5vY2FyY2lub21hLg==

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

65 years old male presenting with low back pain + xrays shows ostoblastic bone metastasis and increased serum alkaline phosphatase + digital rectal examination: asymmetric nodular enlargement of the prostate with significant elevation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFByb3N0YXRlIGFkZW5vY2FyY2lub21hLg==

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] Cancers of the pelvis, including the prostate, spread to the lumbosacral spine via the vertebral venous plexus (VVP) through  its communication with …………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHRoZSBwcm9zdGF0aWMgdmVub3VzIHBsZXh1cy4=[Qq]

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