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[h] Reproductive System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] Starting at about eight weeks of gestation, primary oocytes begin meiosis I where they arrest in ………… of meiosis I and remain there until puberty.

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[f]IHByb3BoYXNlLg==

[q] FSH stimulation during the ovarian cycle causes some primary oocytes to complete meiosis I, forming secondary oocytes and polar bodies. The secondary oocyte begins meiosis II (the polar body degenerates), but halts in ……….. of meiosis II.

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[q] The secondary oocyte remains frozen in metaphase II until …………. occurs, at which point it divides into a mature oocyte and second polar body.

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[q] The length of the menstrual cycle in days minus 14 gives a good estimate of ……………?

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[q] The main hormonal secretion in follicular phase is ……….. by the granulosa cells. It stimulate the replacement of the cells of the functional layer of the endometrium lost in the last menstruation.

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[q] Regression of the corpus luteum occurs by day 23 if there is no pregnancy, causing decreased levels of …………. —-> Constriction of the spiral arteries occurs 1 day before menstruation, causing endometrial ischemia and release of prostaglandins, followed by leukocyte infiltration. The resulting necrosis leads to painful cramps and menstruation.

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[q] Theca Cells have ………… receptors and upon stimulation —-> they produce large amounts of androgen.

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[q] Mural granulosa cells are very sensitive to (LH or FSH)?. They express …………. activity and convert the androgen to estrogen.

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[q] FSH stimulates the production and secretion of inhibin B from granulosa cells, Inhibin acting on ………….. only and inhibits the secretion of FSH.

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[q] …………… begins to rise just before ovulation. It increases basal body temperature and it has been used as a marker of ovulation.

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[q] ……….. is a transient mid-cycle ovulatory pain; classically associated with peritoneal irritation (follicular swelling/rupture, fallopian tube contraction). Can mimic appendicitis.

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[f]IE1pdHRlbHNjaG1lcnou[Qq]

[q] During the First week of the luteal phase, ………. creates the secretory endometrium. This prepares the uterus for implantation. It also causes the cervical mucus to become thicker and makes it more difficult for sperm as well as bacteria to penetrate the uterus.

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[q] Which of the following labels corresponds to an endometrial biopsy with eroded, hemorrhagic endometrial surface with disintegrating stroma and glands?

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[f]IEEgb3IgRS4=[Qq]

[q] Which of the following labels corresponds to an endometrial biopsy with non-edematous stroma, uterine glands have increased in length and girth but still remain relatively straight, no secretions are present in the glandular lumens, the coiled spiral arteries remain limited to the deeper layers?

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[f]IEIgKG1pZHBvaW50IG9mIHRoZSBwcm9saWZlcmF0aXZlIHBoYXNlIG9mIHRoZSBtZW5zdHJ1YWwgY3ljbGUpLg==

[q] Which of the following labels corresponds to an endometrial biopsy with endometrial stroma becomes edematous and completely traversed by tortuous spiral arteries that extend from the deeper layers to the uterine lumen, uterine glands become coiled and secrete glycogen-rich mucus?

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[f]IEQgKG1pZC1sdXRlYWwgcGhhc2UpLg==

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[q] Low progesterone metabolites and low but slowly rising estrogen metabolites represent ……………?

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[q] Low progesterone metabolites but rapidly rising estrogen metabolites represent …………….?

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[q] Elevated and rising progesterone metabolites are indicative of ……….?. While Elevated but declining progesterone metabolites indicate ……………?

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[q] ………. is the most potent estrogen and the main estrogen secreted by the ovary.

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[q] ………….. is the main circulating estrogen following menopause?

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[q] ………… is the main estrogen secreted by the placenta during pregnancy from circulating adrenal androgens. It is the least potent of the estrogens (1/100 the potency of estradiol).

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[q] (Pulsatile or continous) stimulation of pituitary gonadotrophin cells by GnRH leads to upregulation of GnRH receptors and enhanced FSH and LH secretion and can be used for treatment of infertility due to hypogandotropic hypogonadism?

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