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[h] Reproductive System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] Ectocervix is lined by ……………., while Endocervix is lined by ………..?. Junction between the ectocervix and endocervix is called the …………?

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[f]IG5vbmtlcmF0aW5pemluZyBzcXVhbW91cyBlcGl0aGVsaXVtLCBhIHNpbmdsZSBsYXllciBvZiBjb2x1bW5hciBjZWxscy4gdHJhbnNmb3JtYXRpb24gem9uZSAoc3F1YW1vY29sdW1uYXIganVuY3Rpb24pLg==

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[q] High-risk HPV produce E6 and E7 proteins which result in increased destruction of  ………. and ………. , respectively.

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[q] Multiple sexual partners, early age at first intercourse, lower socioeconomic status, cigarette smoking, oral contraceptive use, and immunosuppression (such as HIV) has been shown to correlate with a higher risk of persistent infection with ………….?

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[q] Consistent use of ………… is extremely important for preventing sexually transmitted infections, including human papillomavirus (HPV).

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[f]IGJhcnJpZXIgY29udHJhY2VwdGl2ZXMu[Qq]

[q] Divided into grades based on the extent of epithelial involvement by immature dysplastic cells:
……….. involves < 1/3 of the thickness of the epithelium.

………..  involves < 2/3 of the thickness of the epithelium.

………..  involves slightly less than the entire thickness of the epithelium.

……….. involves the entire thickness of the epithelium.

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[f]IENJTiBJLCBDSU4gSUksIENMTiBJSUksIENhcmNpbm9tYSBpbiBzaXR1IChDbFMpLg==

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[q] Although high-grade dysplasia (involving most or the entire epithelial layer) often progresses to invasive cancer, low-grade dysplasia (involving a small portion of epithelium) typically …………?

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[q] ……….. is the most successful screening test developed to date. It is responsible for a significant reduction in the morbidity and mortality of cervical carcinoma (cervical carcinoma went from being the most common to one of the least common types of gynecologic carcinoma in the US).

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[q] An abnormal Pap smear should be followed by ……………?

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[f]IGNvbmZpcm1hdG9yeSBjb2xwb3Njb3B5ICh2aXN1YWxpemF0aW9uIG9mIGNlcnZpeCB3aXRoIGEgbWFnbmlmeWluZyBnbGFzcykgYW5kIGJpb3BzeS4=

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[q] Advanced cervical tumors often invade through the anterior uterine wall into the bladder blocking ……….. causing hydronephrosis with postrenal failure which is a common cause of death in advanced cervical carcinoma.

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

31 years old female presenting with fever, abnormal uterine bleeding, and pelvic pain 5 days after normal delivery + ultrasound shows retained placental tissue?

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[q] ……………. are necessary for the diagnosis of chronic endometritis given that lymphocytes are normally found in the endometrium.

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[f]IFBsYXNtYSBjZWxscy4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

36 years old female patient presenting with infertility + she has history of  spontaneous abortion that needed dilation and curettage (D&C) and have secondary amenorrhea since then + Endometrial biopsy shows endometrial scarring and loss of the stratum basalis?

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[f]IEFzaGVybWFuIHN5bmRyb21lLg==[Qq]

[q] Anovulation is common in the first several years after menarche due to ………………?

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[f]IGltbWF0dXJlIGh5cG90aGFsYW1pYy1waXR1aXRhcnktb3ZhcmlhbiBheGlzIGZvciBzZXZlcmFsIHllYXJzIGZvbGxvd2luZyBtZW5hcmNoZS4=[Qq]

[q] As women approach menopause in their late 40s, anovulation becomes more prevalent and menstrual irregularity ensues due to …………?

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[f]IGRlY3JlYXNlIGluIHRoZSBudW1iZXIgYW5kIHF1YWxpdHkgb2YgdGhlIG92YXJpYW4gZm9sbGljbGVzLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

34 years old female presenting with unpredictable, irregular menstrual bleeding + giving the patient 7 days of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is followed by withdrawal bleeding?

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[q] One way to treat anovulation is the administration of drugs that act like FSH and LH. Treatment with menotropin (human menopausal gonadotrophin) acts like …………… then ovulation is induced by administration of a large dose of hCG, which simulates ……….?

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[q] …………. is a well-circumscribed collection of endometrial tissue within uterine wall and may present with painless abnormal uterine bleeding/intermenstrual bleeding.

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[q] ………….. is a benign condition in which endometrial glands and stroma are seen outside the uterus.

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

28 years old female presenting with secondary dysmenorrhea, pain with deep sexual intercourse, and pain with defecation + the patient also was not able to conceive although 3 months of unprotected sexual intercourse + Physical examination findings include a fixed, retroverted and immobile uterus and rectovaginal nodularity and tenderness with rectal examination?

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[q] The most common site of endometriosis is …………., and the second most common site of endometriosis is ………..?

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[f]IHRoZSBvdmFyeSAoZnJlcXVlbnRseSBiaWxhdGVyYWwpLCB0aGUgY3VsLWRlLXNhYy4=

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[q] ……….. is ectopic endometrial glands and stroma are located within the myometrium of the uterine wall due to hyperplasia of basal layer of endometrium.

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

32 years old female presenting with secondary dysmenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, and enlarged, symmetric, tender uterus in the absence of pregnancy?

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[q] ……….. refers to recurrent, crampy lower abdominal pain, along with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, that occurs during menstruation in the absence of pelvic pathology. It is the most common gynecologic complaint among adolescent girls.

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[q]  ………. is the first choice in treatment of Primary dysmenorrhea.

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[q] The most common location of a leiomyoma is …………?

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[f]IEludHJhbXVyYWwgKHdpdGhpbiB0aGUgd2FsbCBvZiB0aGUgdXRlcnVzKS4=

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[q] Abnormal vaginal bleeding is the most common symptom of a ……….. myoma and can result in anemia.

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[q] ………… uterine leiomyomata can cause bulk-related symptoms (pelvic pressure, back/pelvic pain, sensation of incomplete voiding, and constipation).

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[q] ……….. is a malignant proliferation of smooth muscle arising from the myometrium. Usually seen in postmenopausal women and gross exam often shows a single lesion with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage.

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[q] The most important predictor for progression of endometrial hyperplasia to carcinoma (major complication) is the presence of …………; simple hyperplasia with atypia has (higher or lower) risk to progresses to cancer (30%) in comparison to complex hyperplasia without atypia?

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[q] Risk factors of ………….. are related to unopposed estrogen exposure and include early menarche/late menopause, nulliparity, infertility with anovulatory cycles, and obesity.

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[f]IEVuZG9tZXRyaWFsIGNhcmNpbm9tYS4=[Qq]

[q] ………….. type of endometrial carcinoma arises in an atrophic endometrium with no evident precursor lesion. Histology is usually serous and is characterized by papillary structures with psammoma body formation; p53 mutation is common, and the tumor exhibits aggressive behavior.

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