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[h] Cardiovascular System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] Prolactin secretion from anterior pituitary is tonically inhibited by ………. from hypothalamus.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGRvcGFtaW5lLg==

[q] The most common hyperfunctioning (Hormone producing) pituitary adenoma is ……….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFByb2xhY3Rpbm9tYS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

36 years old male presenting with galactorrhea, decreased libido, and impotence. He also reported headache with defect in peripheral vision while driving?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFByb2xhY3Rpbm9tYS4=[Qq]

[q] If hyperprolactinemia is not treated, prolonged hypogonadism (low estrogen) causes …………

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGFjY2VsZXJhdGVkIGJvbmUgbG9zcyBleGFjdGx5IGFzIGl0IG9jY3VycyB3aXRoIHBvc3RtZW5vcGF1c2FsIG9zdGVvcGVuaWEvb3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGFuZCB2YWdpbmFsIGRyeW5lc3Mu[Qq]

[q] In treatment of pituitary adenoma that causes excess growth hormone production, you can use pharmacologic treatment like …………?  and in case of prolactinoma you can use ……….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHNvbWF0b3N0YXRpbiBhbmFsb2dzIChvY3RyZW90aWRlKSwgZG9wYW1pbmUgYWdvbmlzdHMgKGJyb21vY3JpcHRpbmUsIGNhYmVyZ29saW5lKS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

7 years old child presenting with headaches, bitemporal hemianopia, fatigue, weight loss and hypotension. MRI was done and showed supratentorial mass lesion. Biopsy shows three components: solid (comprised of the actual tumor cells), cystic (filled with “machinery oil” liquid with thick brownish fluid that is rich in cholesterol), and a calcified component?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENyYW5pb3BoYXJ5bmdpb21hLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

24 years old pregnant who was in obstructed labor that was complicated with severe postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atonia presenting with failure of lactation and breast feeding?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNoZWVoYW4mIzgyMTc7cyBTeW5kcm9tZS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

40 years old patient with old complain since 3 months from headache, erectile dysfunction and galactorrhea is now presenting with acute sever headache, bitemporal hemianopia and ophthalmoplegia. Neuroimaging shows signs of hemorrhage?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBpdHVpdGFyeSBBcG9wbGV4eS4=

[q] A point mutation in neurophysin II could result in abnormal protein folding and removal from the ER, thereby decreasing availability of ………. for neurosecretory release causing ……….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFESCAodmFzb3ByZXNzaW4pLCBhdXRvc29tYWwgZG9taW5hbnQgaGVyZWRpdGFyeSBoeXBvdGhhbGFtaWMgZGlhYmV0ZXMgaW5zaXBpZHVzLg==

[q] Secretion of ADH is most sensitive to (change in plasma osmolarity or change in volume).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGNoYW5nZSBpbiBwbGFzbWEgb3Ntb2xhcml0eS4=[Qq]

[q] Electrolyte disturbance that can cause nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus are …………. and ………….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEh5cGVyY2FsY2VtaWEgYW5kIGh5cG9rYWxlbWlhLg==[Qq]

[q] Drugs that can cause nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus are …………. and ………….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGxpdGhpdW0gYW5kIGRlbWVjbG9jeWNsaW5lLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

24 years old female presenting with excessive urination, polydipsia after feeling compelled to drink excessive amount of water. Blood glucose is normal. Urine osmolarity and sodium are low with low serum sodium. Water deprivation test for 3 hours showed increase in urine osmolarity to 523 mosm?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHBzeWNob2dlbmljIHBvbHlkaXBzaWEu

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

34 years old patient presenting with excessive urination, polydipsia. Blood glucose is normal. Urine osmolarity and sodium are low with high serum sodium. Water deprivation test for 3 hours showed continued diluted urine. After injection of 5 units of vasopressin —–> increase in urine osmolarity to 523 mosm?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENlbnRyYWwgREkgKENESSku

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

34 years old patient presenting with excessive urination, polydipsia. Blood glucose is normal. Urine osmolarity and sodium are low with low serum sodium. Water deprivation test for 3 hours showed continued diluted urine. After injection of 5 units of vasopressin —–> minimal increase in urine osmolarity?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5lcGhyb2dlbmljIERJIChOREkpLg==

[q] Central DI is treated with ………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGxvbmctdGVybSB2YXNvcHJlc3NpbiAoZGVzbW9wcmVzc2luKSB1c2Uu[Qq]

[q] Psychogenic polydipsia is treated with ………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEZsdWlkIHJlc3RyaWN0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[q] The graph below illustrates hyperosmotic volume contraction. This occurs in the setting of ………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGRpYWJldGVzIGluc2lwaWR1cy4=[Qq]

[q] The graph below illustrates dilutional hyponatremia. This occurs in the setting of ………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHBzeWNob2dlbmljIHBvbHlkaXBzaWEgYW5kIFNJQURILg==[Qq]

[q] Drugs that can cause nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus are …………. and …………., but the drugs that cause SIADH are ………….. and ………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IExpdGhpdW0gYW5kIGRlbWVjbG9jeWNsaW4uIGN5Y2xvcGhvc3BoYW1pZGUsIENhcmJhbWF6ZXBpbmUsIFNTUkku[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

34 years old patient presenting with irritability, confusion, and low serum sodium (<130mosm) with urine osmolarity is higher than serum osmolarity?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFN5bmRyb21lIG9mIGluYXBwcm9wcmlhdGUgYW50aWRpdXJldGljIGhvcm1vbmUgc2VjcmV0aW9uIChTSUFESCku[Qq]

[q] The combination of hyponatremia and a lung mass is suggestive of …………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHRoZSBzeW5kcm9tZSBvZiBpbmFwcHJvcHJpYXRlIGFudGlkaXVyZXRpYyBob3Jtb25lIHNlY3JldGlvbiAoU0lBREgpLg==[Qq]

[q] In general, increased ADH causes water retention and extracellular fluid volume expansion without edema or hypertension, owing to ………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IG5hdHJpdXJlc2lzLg==

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