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[h] Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] …… occurs due to complete failure of the vitelline duct to close. Meconium discharge from the umbilicus is seen soon after birth.

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[q] …… results from a partial closure of the vitelline duct, with the patent portion open at the umbilicus.

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[q] ……. forms if peripheral portions of the vitelline duct (connected to the ileum and umbilicus) obliterate, but the central part remains.

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

3 years old male child presenting with colicky abdominal pain and “currant jelly” stools + 99mmTc-pertechnetate scan detects Accumulation of pertechnetate in the right lower abdominal quadrant + imaging shows outpouching 2 inches in length, 2 feet from the ileocecal valve?

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[f]IE1lY2tlbCYjODIxNztzIGRpdmVydGljdWx1bS4=[Qq]

 

[q] In contrast to false diverticula, which contain mucosa and submucosa only, …… is a true diverticulum, consisting of all three parts of the intestinal wall: mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis.

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[q] Meckel’s diverticulum is an example of ……?

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[f]IEVjdG9weSAoYWxzbyBjYWxsZWQgaGV0ZXJvdG9weSkuICYjODIyMDtFY3RvcHkmIzgyMjE7IGlzIGEgdGVybSB0aGF0IGlkZW50aWZpZXMgbWljcm9zY29waWNhbGx5IGFuZCBmdW5jdGlvbmFsbHkgbm9ybWFsIGNlbGxzL3Rpc3N1ZXMgZm91bmQgaW4gYW4gYWJub3JtYWwgbG9jYXRpb24gZHVlIHRvIGVtYnJ5b25pYyBtYWxkZXZlbG9wbWVudC4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

A newborn child presenting with inability to pass meconium within 48 hours of birth, bilious vomiting and abdominal distention, the tone of the anal sphincter is increased + The submucosa of rectum was biopsied and shows absence of ganglionic cells?

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VGhlIGFycmVzdCBvZiBtaWdyYXRpb24gb2YgbmV1cmFsIGNyZXN0IGNlbGxzIGNhdXNlcyBIaXJzY2hzcHJ1bmcgZGlzZWFzZSwgaW4gd2hpY2ggYSBzZWdtZW50IG9mIGNvbG9uIGlzIGRlcHJpdmVkIG9mIGdhbmdsaW9uIGNlbGxzLg==

[Qq]

Since neural crest cells migrate caudally, the rectum is always involved in Hirschsprung disease.

[q] ……..  lines the body wall and covers the retroperitoneal organs on one surface and is very sensitive to somatic pain and is innervated by the lower intercostal nerves and the ilioinguinal and the iliohypogastric nerves of the lumbar plexus.

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[q] …… encloses the surfaces of the intraperitoneal organs and usually forms double-layered peritoneal membranes (mesenteries) that suspend parts of the GI tract from the body wall.

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[q] ….. is the potential space located between the parietal and visceral peritoneal layers. The 90° rotation and the shift of the embryonic mesenteries divide tit into 2 sacs (lesser sac, greater sac).

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[q] – The only communication between the lesser sac and the greater sac is ……..?

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[q]  …… are suspended by a mesentery and are almost completely enclosed in visceral peritoneum. They are mobile.

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[q] ….. are partially covered on one side with parietal peritoneum. They are immobile or fixed.

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[q] Which type of gastrointestinal ligaments?

Connects: Liver to lesser curvature of Stomach.

Structures Contained: Gastric arteries.

Part of lesser omentum.

Separates greater and lesser sacs on the right.

May be cut during surgery to access lesser sac.

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[q] Which type of gastrointestinal ligaments?

Connects: Liver to duodenum.

Structures Contained: Portal triad (proper hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile duct).

May be compressed between thumb and index finger placed in omental foramen to control bleeding (Pringle maneuver).

Borders the omental foramen, which connects the greater and lesser sacs.

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[q] Which type of gastrointestinal ligaments?

Connects: Liver to anterior abdominal Wall.

Structures Contained: Ligamentum teres hepatis (derivative of fetal umbilical vein).

Derivative of ventral mesentery.

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[q] Which type of gastrointestinal ligaments?

Connects: Greater curvature and transverse colon.

Structures Contained: Gastroepiploic arteries.

Part of greater omentum.

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[q] Which type of gastrointestinal ligaments?

Connects: Greater curvature and spleen.

Structures Contained: Short gastrics, left gastroepiploic vessels.

Separates greater and lesser sacs on the left.

Part of greater omentum.

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[q] Which type of gastrointestinal ligaments?

Connects: Spleen to posterior abdominal Wall.

Structures Contained: Splenic artery and vein, tail of Pancreas.

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[q] The adjustable gastric band is an inflatable silicone device placed around the gastric cardia. It is intended to slow the passage of food, increasing satiety and limiting the amount of food consumed. To encircle the upper stomach, the gastric band must pass through ……..?

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[q] In the setting of traumatic liver injury with persistent bleeding, occlusion of the hepatoduodenal ligament can be performed to identify the vascular source (the Pringle maneuver). If liver bleeding does not cease when the portal triad is occluded, it is likely that there has been injury to ….. or …….?

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

35 years old patient who has recent weight loss of more than 50 kg presenting with vomiting, abdominal pain and distension + Narrowing of the aortomesenteric angle < 15?

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[f]IFN1cGVyaW9yIG1lc2VudGVyaWMgYXJ0ZXJ5IHN5bmRyb21lLiBPY2N1cnMgd2hlbiB0aGUgdHJhbnN2ZXJzZSBwb3J0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBkdW9kZW51bSBpcyBlbnRyYXBwZWQgYmV0d2VlbiB0aGUgU01BIGFuZCBhb3J0YSwgY2F1c2luZyBzeW1wdG9tcyBvZiBwYXJ0aWFsIGludGVzdGluYWwgb2JzdHJ1Y3Rpb24u

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

35 years old patient who has recent weight loss of more than 50 kg presenting with abdominal (flank) pain and gross hematuria + Narrowing of the aortomesenteric angle < 15?

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[q] Name Two areas of the colon that have dual blood supply from distal arterial branches (“watershed regions”) → susceptible in colonic ischemia following an episode of hypotension (Ischemic colitis is a common complication of vascular surgery)?

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JiM4MjExOyBTcGxlbmljIGZsZXh1cmU6IFNNQSBhbmQgSU1BLg==
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[q] Small bowel malignancies are rare; if they occur in the third part of the duodenum, anterior tumor invasion could compromise ……?

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