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[h] Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

Newborn child presenting with respiratory distress (tachypnea, cyanosis, retractions),  accompanied by absent breath sounds on left side of the chest +  barrel-shaped chest and scaphoid abdomen + Bowel sounds are heard in chest + chest x-ray shows intrathoracic bowel loops and a displaced cardiac silhouette.

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[q] ……. is a defect in the diaphragm that results from incomplete fusion of the pleuroperitoneal folds during fetal development.

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

27 years old patient with history of chronic cough presenting with heartburn, regurgitation, epigastric/chest pain + imaging shows Gastroesophageal junction is displaced upward as gastric cardia slides into hiatus “hourglass stomach”.

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[f]IFNsaWRpbmcgaGlhdGFsIGhlcm5pYS4=

VGhlIGRpc3RhbCBlc29waGFndXMgaXMgbm9ybWFsbHkgYXR0YWNoZWQgY2lyY3VtZmVyZW50aWFsbHkgdG8gdGhlIGRpYXBocmFnbSBieSB0aGUgcGhyZW5vZXNvcGhhZ2VhbCBtZW1icmFuZSBhdCB0aGUgZ2FzdHJvZXNvcGhhZ2VhbCAoR0UpIGp1bmN0aW9uOyBkaXNydXB0aW9ucyBpbiBtZW1icmFuZSBpbnRlZ3JpdHkgY2FuIHJlc3VsdCBpbiBoZXJuaWEgZm9ybWF0aW9uIHdoaWNoIHR5cGljYWxseSByZXN1bHRzIGZyb20gcmVwZXRpdGl2ZSBzdHJlc3Mgb24gdGhlIG1lbWJyYW5lIChjb3VnaGluZywgdm9taXRpbmcpLg==

[q] In …….., gastroesophageal junction is usually normal but gastric fundus protrudes into the thoracic cavity.

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

3 years old male child presenting with bulge on the groin that increases during straining + the herniated bowel goes through the internal (deep) inguinal ring, external (superficial) inguinal ring, and into the scrotum. Enters internal inguinal ring lateral to inferior epigastric vessels + Covered by all 3 layers of spermatic fascia?

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[f]IEluZGlyZWN0IGluZ3VpbmFsIGhlcm5pYS4=

RmFpbHVyZSBvZiBvYmxpdGVyYXRpb24gb2YgdGhlIHByb2Nlc3N1cyB2YWdpbmFsaXMgbGVhZHMgdG8gYSBwZXJzaXN0ZW50IGNvbm5lY3Rpb24gYmV0d2VlbiB0aGUgc2Nyb3R1bSBhbmQgdGhlIHBlcml0b25lYWwgY2F2aXR5IHRocm91Z2ggdGhlIGluZ3VpbmFsIGNhbmFsLg==

If the opening is small and allows for fluid leakage only, hydrocele occurs. Diagnosis is by transillumination of the scrotum and scrotal ultrasound, which reveal fluid (only) in the tunica vaginalis sac.

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

55 years old male patient presenting with bulge on the groin that increases during straining + the herniated bowel goes through the external (superficial) inguinal ring only, medial to inferior epigastric vessels, and Covered by external spermatic fascia?

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[f]IERpcmVjdCBpbmd1aW5hbCBoZXJuaWEu

VXN1YWxseSBpbiBvbGRlciBtZW4gZHVlIHRvIGFuIGFjcXVpcmVkIHdlYWtuZXNzIGluIHRoZSB0cmFuc3ZlcnNhbGlzIGZhc2NpYS4=

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

35 years old female patient presenting with bulge on the groin that increases during straining + the herniated bowel Protrudes below inguinal ligament through femoral canal below and lateral to pubic tubercle?

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[q] Any abdominal process (ruptured spleen, peritonitis, hemoperitoneum) irritating the sensory fibers around the diaphragm can cause referred shoulder pain via …… to the C3-C5 shoulder region (Kehr sign).

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[q] As the inferior epigastric artery runs superiorly and medially up the abdomen, it provides blood supply to …….?

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[q] If the rectus abdominis is transected horizontally, …… must be identified and ligated bilaterally to prevent bleeding complications (hematoma).

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[q] If the appendix cannot be identified by palpation during an appendectomy, it can be located by following ……. to its origin at the cecal base.

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

25 years old patient presenting with vomiting, distended abdomen with hyperactive bowel sound + abdominal x-rays is below.

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

25 years old patient presenting with vomiting, distended abdomen with hyperactive bowel sound + abdominal x-rays is below.

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[q] Pneumoperitoneum is air or gas in the peritoneal cavity; it can be seen as free air under the diaphragm in an upright chest x-ray. The most common cause is a ……?

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[q] On abdominal CT scan, the pancreas can be identified by its head in close association with …..?

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[q] ….. can be identified on cross-sectional scans lying medial to (or just within) the right lobe of the liver and anterior to the inferior vena cava.

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[q] An abdominal CT scan should be performed in stable patients with blunt abdominal trauma to exclude the possibility of ……

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[q] IVC filters are designed to prevent the embolization of DVT from the legs to the lung vasculature (pulmonary embolism), and are used in patients who have contraindications to anticoagulation. The inferior vena cava is formed by the union of …… and …… at the level of L4-L5.

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[f]IHRoZSByaWdodCBhbmQgbGVmdCBjb21tb24gaWxpYWMgdmVpbnMu

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