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[h] Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] ……… presents as recurrent pre-/periprandial pain and swelling in affected gland.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNpYWxvbGl0aGlhc2lzLg==[Qq]

[q] …… most commonly due to an obstructing stone (sialolithiasis) leading to Staphylococcus aureus infection; usually unilateral.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNpYWxhZGVuaXRpcy4=[Qq]

[q] ……. is the most common tumor of the salivary gland. Usually arises in parotid; presents as a mobile, painless, circumscribed mass at the angle of the jaw. Composed of stromal (cartilage) and epithelial tissue.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBsZW9tb3JwaGljIGFkZW5vbWEu[Qq]

[q] ……. is the 2nd most common tumor of the salivary gland. Almost always arises in the parotid. Benign cystic tumor with abundant lymphocytes and germinal centers (lymph node-like stroma).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFdhcnRoaW4gdHVtb3IgKHBhcGlsbGFyeSBjeXN0YWRlbm9tYSBseW1waG9tYXRvc3VtKS4=[Qq]

[q] ……. is the most common malignant tumor of the salivary gland. Usually arises in the parotid; commonly involves the facial nerve. Composed of mucinous and squamous cells.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE11Y29lcGlkZXJtb2lkIGNhcmNpbm9tYS4=

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

32 years old patient presenting with dysphagia for poorly chewed food, upper endoscopy shows thin protrusion of esophageal mucosa in the upper esophagus.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVzb3BoYWdlYWwgd2ViLg==[Qq]

[q] …….. is characterized by severe iron deficiency anemia, esophageal web, and beefy-red tongue due to atrophic glossitis. Increased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBsdW1tZXItVmluc29uIHN5bmRyb21lLg==[Qq]

[q] ……. is formed at gastroesophageal junction, typically due to chronic acid reflux. Can present with dysphagia.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNjaGF0emtpIHJpbmdzLg==

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

18 years old patient presenting with dysphagia, halitosis, and regurgitation of food particles + foul-smelling breath (halitosis) + history of recurrent aspiration pneumonia.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFplbmtlciBkaXZlcnRpY3VsdW0uIE91dHBvdWNoaW5nIG9mIHBoYXJ5bmdlYWwgbXVjb3NhIHRocm91Z2ggYW4gYWNxdWlyZWQgZGVmZWN0IGluIHRoZSBwb3N0ZXJpb3IgcGhhcnluZ2VhbCBjb25zdHJpY3RvciBtdXNjbGVzIChDcmljb3BoYXJ5bmdlYWwgbXVzY2xlIGR5c2Z1bmN0aW9uICku

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[q] Zenker diverticulum is (true or false) diverticulum.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGZhbHNlIGRpdmVydGljdWx1bSBjb25zaXN0cyBvbmx5IG9mIG11Y29zYS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

32 years old patient with repetitive retching and vomiting due to alcoholism presenting with hematemesis + ABG shows metabolic alkalosis + upper endoscopy shows Longitudinal laceration of mucosa at the gastroesophageal (GE) junction?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE1hbGxvcnktV2Vpc3Mgc3luZHJvbWUu

TWFsbG9yeS1XZWlzcyB0ZWFycyBhcmUgY2F1c2VkIGJ5IGhpZ2ggaW50cmFnYXN0cmljIHByZXNzdXJlIGJlaW5nIHRyYW5zbWl0dGVkIHRvIHRoZSBlc29waGFndXMgdGhyb3VnaCBhIHRpZ2h0IGxvd2VyIGVzb3BoYWdlYWwgc3BoaW5jdGVyLg==

Risk of Boerhaave syndrome: rupture of esophagus (transmural tear) leading to air in the mediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema (crepitus in the neck region or chest wall).

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

21 years old patient presenting with Dysphagia to both solids and liquids at the same time + Food regurgitation and aspiration + Manometry findings include uncoordinated or absent peristalsis with high LES resting pressure + – Bird-beak’ sign on barium swallow study?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFjaGFsYXNpYS4=

RHVlIHRvIGRhbWFnZWQgcG9zdGdhbmdsaW9uaWMgaW5oaWJpdG9yeSBuZXVyb25zIGluIHRoZSBteWVudGVyaWMgcGxleHVzICh3aGljaCBjb250YWluIE5PIGFuZCBWSVApLiBHYW5nbGlvbiBjZWxscyBvZiBteWVudGVyaWMgcGxleHVzIGFyZSBsb2NhdGVkIGJldHdlZW4gdGhlIGlubmVyIGNpcmN1bGFyIGFuZCBvdXRlciBsb25naXR1ZGluYWwgbGF5ZXJzIG9mIHRoZSBtdXNjdWxhcmlzIHByb3ByaWEgYW5kIGFyZSBpbXBvcnRhbnQgZm9yIHJlZ3VsYXRpbmcgYm93ZWwgbW90aWxpdHkgYW5kIHJlbGF4aW5nIHRoZSBMRVMu

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

25 years old, obese patient with long history of smoking presenting with heartburn and regurgitation, nocturnal cough, and sore throat + symptoms are relieved after taking omeprazole?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEdhc3Ryb2Vzb3BoYWdlYWwgcmVmbHV4IGRpc2Vhc2UgKEdFUkQpLg==

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

Patient with long history of GERD presenting with Worsening of baseline GERD symptoms and the development of odynophagia (painful swallowing)?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVyb3NpdmUgZXNvcGhhZ2l0aXMuIEdFUkQgaXMgdGhlIG1vc3QgY29tbW9uIGNhdXNlIG9mIGVzb3BoYWdpdGlzLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

Patient with long history of GERD presenting with dysphagia and a sensation of food getting stuck in the esophagus?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVzb3BoYWdlYWwgc3RyaWN0dXJlLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

Patient with long history of GERD presenting with metaplastic columnar epithelium that replaces the normal stratified squamous epithelium in the distal esophagus with no change in baseline GERD manifestations.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJhcnJldHQgZXNvcGhhZ3VzIGlzIGEgcHJlLW1hbGlnbmFudCBjb25kaXRpb24gdGhhdCBpbmNyZWFzZXMgdGhlIHJpc2sgb2YgYWRlbm9jYXJjaW5vbWEgb2YgdGhlIGVzb3BoYWd1cyBieSAzMC00MCB0aW1lcy4gQWRlbm9jYXJjaW5vbWFzIGRldmVsb3AgdGhyb3VnaCB0aGUgcHJvZ3Jlc3Npb24gZnJvbSBpbnRlc3RpbmFsIG1ldGFwbGFzdGljIGVwaXRoZWxpdW0g4oaSIGR5c3BsYXNpYSDihpIgbWFsaWduYW5jeS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

26 years old patient presenting with dysphagia and chest pain. This chest pain mimic unstable angina; thus, complete cardiac work-up was done and cardiac cause may was ruled out + Esophageal manometry studies show disorganized non-peristaltic contractions of the body of esophagus + “corkscrew” esophagus is seen on barium esophagogram.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IERpZmZ1c2UgZXNvcGhhZ2VhbCBzcGFzbS4=

VGhlIHBhdGhvZ2VuZXNpcyBvZiBERVMgbGlrZWx5IGludm9sdmVzIGltcGFpcmVkIGluaGliaXRvcnkgbmV1cm90cmFuc21pc3Npb24gd2l0aGluIHRoZSBlc29waGFnZWFsIG15ZW50ZXJpYyBwbGV4dXMu

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

26 years old patient with history of HIV and low CD4 count presenting with dysphagia, odynophagia?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEluZmVjdGlvdXMgZXNvcGhhZ2l0aXMu

T3ZlciA5MCUgb2YgZXNvcGhhZ2VhbCBpbmZlY3Rpb25zIGluIHBhdGllbnRzIHdpdGggQUlEUyBhcmUgY2F1c2VkIGJ5IENhbmRpZGEuIEVtcGlyaWMgdGhlcmFweSB3aXRoIGZsdWNvbmF6b2xlIGlzIHRoZSBiZXN0IGNvdXJzZSBvZiBhY3Rpb24uIElmIGZsdWNvbmF6b2xlIGRvZXMgbm90IGltcHJvdmUgc3ltcHRvbXMsIHRoZW4gZW5kb3Njb3B5IGlzIHBlcmZvcm1lZC4=

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

Patients experience sudden-onset odynophagia and retrosternal pain that cause difficulty swallowing after taking bisphosphonates?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBpbGwgZXNvcGhhZ2l0aXMu[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

30 years old patient with history of asthma presenting with swallowing difficulty and food impaction + esophageal biopsy shows inflammatory infiltrate with abundant eosinophils?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVvc2lub3BoaWxpYyBFc29waGFnaXRpcy4=[Qq]

[q] ….. is the most common type of esophageal carcinoma in America.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVzb3BoYWdlYWwgQWRlbm9jYXJjaW5vbWEu[Qq]

[q] …… arises from preexisting Barrett esophagus; usually involves the lower one-third of the esophagus.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVzb3BoYWdlYWwgQWRlbm9jYXJjaW5vbWEu[Qq]

[q] ……. is a malignant proliferation of squamous cells; most common esophageal cancer worldwide.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVzb3BoYWdlYWwgU3F1YW1vdXMgY2VsbCBjYXJjaW5vbWEu[Qq]

[q] The most significant risk factors for the development of SCC in the United States include ……. and ……?

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[f]IGNpZ2FyZXR0ZSBzbW9raW5nIGFuZCBhbGNvaG9sIGludGFrZS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

55 years old male with long history of smoking presenting with progressive dysphagia (start with solid food dysphagia and gradually progress to liquid dysphagia), weight loss, pain, and hematemesis + histology shows flattened polyhedral or ovoid epithelial cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, keratin nests or “pearls” within or between cells, and intercellular bridging.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVzb3BoYWdlYWwgU3F1YW1vdXMgY2VsbCBjYXJjaW5vbWEu

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[q] …… occurs at the highest frequency in the middle third of esophagus. Lymphatics drain to mediastinal nodes; metastatic disease may present with mediastinal lymphadenopathy.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNDQy4=[Qq]

[q]…….. occurs at the highest frequency in the lower third of esophagus. Lymphatics drain caudally to the gastric and celiac nodes; metastatic disease may present with abdominal lymphadenopathy.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFkZW5vY2FyY2lub21hLg==[Qq]

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