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[h] Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] In patients who have undergone total gastrectomy, ………  becomes necessary.

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[f]IFZlcnkgaGlnaC1kb3NlIG9yYWwgb3IgcGFyZW50ZXJhbCB2aXRhbWluIEIxMi4=

Cg==

SW4gcGF0aWVudHMgd2hvIGhhdmUgdW5kZXJnb25lIHRvdGFsIGdhc3RyZWN0b215LCBJRiBjYW4gbm8gbG9uZ2VyIGJlIHByb2R1Y2VkIGFuZCB2aXRhbWluIEJJMiBjYW5ub3QgYmUgZWZmZWN0aXZlbHkgYWJzb3JiZWQuIFRoZXJlZm9yZSwgdmVyeSBoaWdoLWRvc2Ugb3JhbCBvciBwYXJlbnRlcmFsIHZpdGFtaW4gQjEyIGJlY29tZXMgbmVjZXNzYXJ5Lg==[Qq]

[q] Gastrin ↑ acid secretion primarily through its effects on …… leading to histamine release rather than through its direct effect on parietal cells.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVudGVyb2Nocm9tYWZmaW4tbGlrZSAoRUNMKSBjZWxscy4=[Qq]

[q]…….. is a somatostatin analog used to treat acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome, and variceal bleeding.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE9jdHJlb3RpZGUu[Qq]

[q] In cholecystitis, fatty foods increase …… production and pain occurs when an inflamed and/or obstructed gallbladder contracts.

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[q] ……… stimulates the release of bicarbonate-rich secretions from the exocrine pancreas, which is the major source of acid-neutralizing bicarbonate entering the duodenum, allowing pancreatic enzymes to function.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNlY3JldGluLg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

23 years old patient presenting with Epigastric discomfort or pain, nausea, and vomiting after taking NSAIDS + upper endoscopy shows mucosal defects that do not fully extend through the muscularis mucosa (limited to the mucosal layer)?

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[f]IEFjdXRlIGdhc3RyaXRpcy4=

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[Qq]

[q] Acidic damage to the stomach mucosa occurs due to imbalance between mucosal defenses and acidic environment. In case of sever burn is called ………, in cases of increased intracranial pressure is called ……, in cases of ICU patients is called …….?

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[f]IEN1cmxpbmcgdWxjZXIsIEN1c2hpbmcgdWxjZXIsIHN0cmVzcyB1bGNlci4=

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

22 years old female presenting with Megaloblastic anemia, Achlorhydria with increased gastrin levels and antral G-cell hyperplasia + Histology shows Atrophy of mucosa with intestinal metaplasia + Blood test is positive for antibodies against parietal cells and intrinsic factor?

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[f]IENocm9uaWMgYXV0b2ltbXVuZSBnYXN0cml0aXMu

Cg==

Cg==

SXQgaXMgZHVlIHRvIGF1dG9pbW11bmUgZGVzdHJ1Y3Rpb24gb2YgZ2FzdHJpYyBwYXJpZXRhbCBjZWxscywgd2hpY2ggYXJlIGxvY2F0ZWQgaW4gdGhlIHN0b21hY2ggYm9keSBhbmQgZnVuZHVzLg==[Qq]

[q] The combination of lower extremity paresthesias, macrocytic red blood cells (RBCs), and gastric body and fundal atrophy is highly suggestive of ……….?

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[f]IFBlcm5pY2lvdXMgYW5lbWlhIChQQSk=[Qq]

[q]….. is the most common site of chronic gastritis due to H pylori.

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[q] The pathogenesis of Chronic H pylori gastritis is related to Chronic antral inflammation that leads to a …….?

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[f]IGRlY3JlYXNlIGluIHRoZSBudW1iZXIgb2Ygc29tYXRvc3RhdGluLXByb2R1Y2luZyBjZWxscyAoZGVsdGEgY2VsbHMpLg==

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

33 years old patient presenting with epigastric pain that improves with meals + Diagnostic endoscopic biopsy shows ulcer within the first part of the duodenum with hypertrophy of Brunner glands?

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[f]IER1b2RlbmFsIHVsY2VyLg==

Cg==

SXQgaXMgYWxtb3N0IGFsd2F5cyBkdWUgdG8gSCBweWxvcmkgKCZndDsgOTUlKTsgcmFyZWx5LCBtYXkgYmUgZHVlIHRvIFpFIHN5bmRyb21lLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

Patient presenting with multiple ulcers in the distal duodenum and jejunum that is resistant to treatment with triple therapy?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFpvbGxpbmdlciBFbGxpc29uIHN5bmRyb21lIChHYXN0cmlub21hKS4=[Qq]

 

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

33 years old patient presenting with epigastric pain that worsens with meals + Diagnostic endoscopic biopsy shows ulcer on the lesser curvature of the antrum?

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[f]IEdhc3RyaWMgdWxjZXIu

Cg==

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JiM4MjExOyBJdCBpcyB1c3VhbGx5IGR1ZSB0byBIIHB5bG9yaSAoNzUlKTsgb3RoZXIgY2F1c2VzIGluY2x1ZGUgTlNBbERzIGFuZCBiaWxlIHJlZmx1eC4=

[Qq]

 

[q] What is the best next step in management?

55 years old male patient presenting with gastric ulcer > 3mm,  irregular with heaped up margins.

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[f]IEJpb3BzeSBpcyByZXF1aXJlZCB0byBydWxlIG91dCBtYWxpZ25hbmN5Lg==[Qq]

[q] Helicobacter pylori is typically found in greatest concentration in the ……. As a result, biopsy of the prepyloric area would have the greatest yield of the organism.

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] Ulcers located on the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb are more prone to ………; those on the posterior wall are more likely to cause …….?

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[q] When an ulcer penetrates the posterior duodenal wall, it is likely to erode into …….. artery, which perfuses both the pylorus and the proximal part of the duodenum.

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[q] Most gastric ulcers arise along the lesser curvature of the stomach, usually at the transitional zone between the gastric corpus (body) and antrum. ……. run along the lesser curvature and are likely to be penetrated by ulcers, causing gastric bleeding.

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[f]IFRoZSBsZWZ0IGFuZCByaWdodCBnYXN0cmljIGFydGVyaWVzLg==

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[q] Chronic epigastric pain that suddenly worsens and becomes diffuse with a pneumoperitoneum (upright chest x-ray shows free air under the right diaphragm which is best seen between the liver and the diaphragm) is concerning for likely …….?

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[f]IHBlcmZvcmF0ZWQgcGVwdGljIHVsY2VyIGRpc2Vhc2UgKFBVRCku[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

33 years old patient presenting with diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps, flushing, hypotension, tachycardia + pruritus, urticaria + skin biopsy shows mast cell proliferation?

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

23 years old patient presenting with Weight loss, Anorexia, Vomiting, Epigastric pain, Edema + abdominal CT shows hypertrophied gastric rugae that look like brain gyri?

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[f]IE3DqW7DqXRyaWVyIGRpc2Vhc2Uu[Qq]

[q] …….. is the most common type of Gastric adenocarcinoma.

It closely resemble colon cancers. They tend to grow as nodular, polypoid, and well-demarcated masses. Risk factors include intestinal metaplasia (due to H pylori and autoimmune gastritis), nitrosamines in smoked foods (Japan), and blood type A.

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[f]IEludGVzdGluYWwtdHlwZSBhZGVub2NhcmNpbm9tYXMu[Qq]

[q] ……… is characterized by signet ring cells that diffusely infiltrate the gastric wall (due to loss of the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin); desmoplasia results in thickening of stomach wall causing a “leather-bottle stomach” (linitis plastica).

 

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[f]IERpZmZ1c2UgdHlwZSAoU2lnbmV0LXJpbmcgY2FyY2lub21hKS4=[Qq]

[q] The most important factors that influence survival rate are …… and ……?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHRoZSBkZXB0aCBvZiBpbnZhc2lvbiB0aHJvdWdoIHRoZSBnYXN0cmljIHdhbGwgYW5kIHdoZXRoZXIgcmVnaW9uYWwgbHltcGggbm9kZXMgYXJlIGludm9sdmVkLg==[Qq]

[q] Acanthosis nigricans is associated with …… and ……?

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[f]IEluc3VsaW4gcmVzaXN0YW5jZSAoSHlwZXJpbnN1bGluZW1pYSksIHVuZGVybHlpbmcgR0kgY2FuY2VyIChHYXN0cmljIGFkZW5vY2FyY2lub21hKS4=[Qq]

[q] The abrupt appearance of multiple seborrhoeic keratoses that rapidly increase in their size and number may be associated with …….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHVuZGVybHlpbmcgZ2FzdHJpYyBhZGVub2NhcmNpbm9tYS4=[Qq]

[q] The classic finding of mucin-producing, signet-ring neoplastic cells in the ovarian stroma (bilateral) is described as …… and is one of the most common types of metastatic ovarian cancer.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEtydWtlbmJlcmcgdHVtb3Iu[Qq]

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