[qwiz style=”width: auto !important; min-height: auto !important; border-width: 4px !important; border-color: #0099cc !important; ” align=”center”]
[h] General Pharmacology Flashcards
[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.
[q] Drug permeation and absorption is directly proportional to ……….., ………, and ………. and inversely proportional to ………?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IGxpcGlkIHNvbHViaWxpdHksIENvbmNlbnRyYXRpb24gZ3JhZGllbnQsIGFuZCBTdXJmYWNlIGFyZWEgYW5kIHZhc2N1bGFyaXR5LiBEcnVnIGlvbml6YXRpb24u[Qq]
[q] Many drugs are weak acids or weak bases and can exist in either nonionized or ionized forms in an equilibrium, depending on ……… and ……….?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IHRoZSBwSCBvZiB0aGUgZW52aXJvbm1lbnQgYW5kIHRoZSBwS2EgKHRoZSBwSCBhdCB3aGljaCB0aGUgbW9sZWN1bGUgaXMgNTAlIGlvbml6ZWQgYW5kIDUwJSBub25pb25pemVkKS4=[Qq]
[q] Only the ……… form of a drug crosses biomembranes.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IG5vbmlvbml6ZWQgKHVuY2hhcmdlZCku[Qq]
[q] The …….. form is better renally excreted because it is water soluble.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IGlvbml6ZWQu[Qq]
[q] If you want to increase the absorption of a drug or to decrease its clearance ——> put it in environment with …….., but if you want to increase its clearance –> put it in environment with …..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IHRoZSBzYW1lIFBoLCB0aGUgb3Bwb3NpdGUgUGgu[Qq]
[q] ……… can be used to alkalinize the urine.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE5hSENPMywgYWNldGF6b2xhbWlkZS4=[Qq]
[q] ……… can be used to acidify the urine.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE5INENsLCB2aXRhbWluIEMsIGNyYW5iZXJyeSBqdWljZS4=[Qq]
[q] Passive diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion transport occurs (down or against) concentration gradient, while active transport occurs (down or against) concentration gradient.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IGRvd24sIGFnYWluc3Qu[Qq]
[q] ……… and ……. are types of transport that need carriers, so they are saturable.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEZhY2lsaXRhdGVkIERpZmZ1c2lvbiBhbmQgQWN0aXZlIHRyYW5zcG9ydC4=[Qq]
[q] ……….. does not involve absorption, and there is no loss of drug (Bioavailability = 100%).
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEludHJhdmFzY3VsYXIgYWRtaW5pc3RyYXRpb24gKElWKS4=[Qq]
[q] …….. is used to measure of the fraction of a dose that reaches the systemic circulation.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJpb2F2YWlsYWJpbGl0eSAoZiku[Qq]
[q] ………. can be calculated by measuring area under the curve of the dug after taken orally divided by area under the curve of the same drug after taken intravenously.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJpb2F2YWlsYWJpbGl0eSAoZiku
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] Oral bioavailability is dependent on ……… and ………?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IHRoZSBhYnNvcnB0aXZlIHByb3BlcnRpZXMgb2YgdGhlIGRydWcgYXMgd2VsbCBhcyBpdHMgZmlyc3QtcGFzcyBtZXRhYm9saXNtLg==[Qq]
[q] Why the bioavailability of drugs that are taken suppository are better than the drugs taken orally?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFRoZSBhbW91bnQgb2YgZHJ1ZyBleHBvc2VkIHRvIHRoZSBsaXZlciB3aXRoaW4gdGhlIHBvcnRhbCBibG9vZCBmbG93IGlzIHRoZSBtYWpvciBkZXRlcm1pbmFudCBvZiBoZXBhdGljIG9yIGZpcnN0LXBhc3MgbWV0YWJvbGlzbS4=
Cg==74KnIFRoZSBzdXBlcmlvciByZWN0YWwgdmVpbnMgZHJhaW4gdG8gdGhlIHBvcnRhbCBjaXJjdWxhdGlvbiB2aWEgdGhlIGluZmVyaW9yIG1lc2VudGVyaWMgdmVpbi4=
Cu+CpyBUaGUgbWlkZGxlIGFuZCBpbmZlcmlvciByZWN0YWwgdmVpbnMsIGhvd2V2ZXIsIGRyYWluIHRvIHRoZSBzeXN0ZW1pYyBjaXJjdWxhdGlvbiB2aWEgdGhlIGludGVybmFsIGlsaWFjIGFuZCBpbnRlcm5hbCBwdWRlbmRhbCB2ZWlucywgcmVzcGVjdGl2ZWx5Lg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] When Vd of the drug is 3 liters, this means this drug is sequestered in (tissues or blood)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJsb29kLg==[Qq]
[q] Characteristics of a drug such as high molecular weight, high plasma protein binding, high charge, and hydrophilicity tend to trap the drug in the (tissues or blood) compartment resulting in a (low or high) Vd.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IGJsb29kLCBsb3cu[Qq]
[q] When Vd of the drug is 103 liters, this means this drug is sequestered in (tissues or blood)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IHRpc3N1ZXMu[Qq]
[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?
56 years old patient presenting with hemiplegia although he was on warfarin as a prophylaxes of PE, his Ct shows intracranial hemorrhage, after revising his previous history you discovered he was on quinolones the previous 2 weeks for treatment of pneumonia?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEhlbW9ycmhhZ2ljIHN0cm9rZSBkdWUgdG8gd2FyZmFyaW4gdG94aWNpdHkgYmVjYXVzZSBxdWlub2xvbmVzIGFyZSBDWVA0NTAgaW5oaWJpdG9yLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] Drugs that may cause Drug-induced SLE by slow acetylators are …….., ………., and ……….?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IGh5ZHJhbGF6aW5lLCBwcm9jYWluYW1pZGUsIGlzb25pYXppZCAoSU5IKS4=[Qq]
[q] ……… is the time to eliminate 50% of a given amount (or to decrease plasma level to 50% of a former level).
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IHQxLzIu[Qq]
[q] Which type of elimination rate?
– A constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time.
– t1/2 is a variable.
– Drugs include ethanol (except low blood levels), phenytoin (high therapeutic doses), and salicylates (toxic doses).
– High risk of drug accumulation.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFplcm8tT3JkZXIgRWxpbWluYXRpb24gUmF0ZS4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] Which type of elimination rate?
– A constant fraction of the drug is eliminated per unit time.
– Rate of elimination is directly proportional to plasma level (or the amount present). The higher the amount, the more rapid the elimination.
– t1/2 is a constant.
– Low risk of drug accumulation.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEZpcnN0LU9yZGVyIEVsaW1pbmF0aW9uIFJhdGUu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……… is reached when rate in = rate out of the drug, usually reached clinically after 4–5 t1/2.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFN0ZWFkeSBzdGF0ZS4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] …….. is one time dose and is estimated to put into the body the amount of drug that should be there at a steady state.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IExvYWRpbmcgZG9zZS4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] …….. = .7 X Vd/Cl
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IHQxLzIu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] …… = Cl XCss X Dosing interval / f
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE1haW50ZW5hbmNlIGRvc2Uu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] …….. = Vd X Cp / f
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IExvYWRpbmcgZG9zZS4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] Km is a measure of the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate. When comparing two enzymes, the one with the higher Km has a ………. affinity for its substrate.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IGxvd2VyLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………. is the maximum rate possible to achieve with a given amount of enzyme. The only way to increase it is by increasing the [E].
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFZtYXgu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] If the x-intercept shifts to the right → ↑ Km → ↓ For example: – : -2 → 1, this means Km will (increase or decrease) and affinity will (increase or decrease).
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IGluY3JlYXNlLCBkZWNyZWFzZS4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] If the y-intercept shifts to the downward → ↑ Vmax → ↑ reaction rate. For example: : 2 → 1, this means Vmax will (increase or decrease).
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IGluY3JlYXNlLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] …….. is the ability of drug to bind to receptor, shown by the proximity of the curve to the y axis (if the curves are parallel).
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFmZmluaXR5LiBUaGUgbmVhcmVyIHRoZSB5IGF4aXMsIHRoZSBncmVhdGVyIHRoZSBhZmZpbml0eS4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q]……. shows relative doses of two or more agonists to produce the same magnitude of effect, again shown by the proximity of the respective curves to the y axis (if the curves do not cross).
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBvdGVuY3ku
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q]……….. is a measure of how well a drug produces a response (effectiveness), shown by the maximal height reached by the curve.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEVmZmljYWN5Lg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………. decrease the affinity and potency without change on efficacy. Can be overcomed by increasing the substrate concentration.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENvbXBldGl0aXZlIGFudGFnb25pc3Qu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……… decrease the efficacy without change on affinity and potency of the reaction. Cann’t be overcomed by increasing the substrate concentration.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE5vbmNvbXBldGl0aXZlIGFudGFnb25pc3Qu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……… act as agonist without full efficacy when used alone, and as antagonist in presence of full agonist.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBhcnRpYWwgYWdvbmlzdC4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……… = ED50/TD50 and permit evaluation of the relative safety of a drug.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFRoZXJhcGV1dGljIEluZGV4Lg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] Rebound rhinorrhea is associated with the use of topical decongestants for > 3 days. The use of adrenergic agonists should be stopped to allow the restoration of normal norepinephrine feedback pathways.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJlYm91bmQgcmhpbm9ycmhlYS4=[Qq]
[q] The ………. is the major involuntary portion of the nervous system and is responsible for automatic, unconscious bodily functions, such as control of heart rate and blood pressure and both gastrointestinal and genitourinary functions.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEF1dG9ub21pYyBOZXJ2b3VzIFN5c3RlbSAoQU5TKS4=[Qq]
[q] Sympathetic outflow is originated from …………, but parasympathetic outflow is originated from ………..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFRob3JhY29sdW1iYXIsIENyYW5pb3NhY3JhbC4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] An important anatomic difference between the SANS and PANS is that the ganglia of the SANS lie in ……… adjacent to the vertebral column, whereas most of the ganglia of the PANS system are located in ……….?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IHR3byBwYXJhdmVydGVicmFsIGNoYWlucywgbmVhciBvciB3aXRoaW4gdGhlIGVuZC1vcmdhbi4=
Cg==Jm5ic3A7
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Nicotinic receptors (NN) are located on ………… and in ……..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IGNlbGwgYm9kaWVzIGluIGdhbmdsaWEgb2YgYm90aCBQQU5TIGFuZCBTQU5TLCB0aGUgYWRyZW5hbCBtZWR1bGxhLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] Nicotinic receptors (NM) are located on ……..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IHRoZSBza2VsZXRhbCBtdXNjbGUgbW90b3IgZW5kIHBsYXRlIGlubmVydmF0ZWQgYnkgc29tYXRpYyBtb3RvciBuZXJ2ZXMu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……… is directly innervated by preganglionic sympathetic fibers without autonomic ganglia or postganglionic neuron.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFkcmVuYWwgbWVkdWxsYS4=[Qq]
[q] …….. are part of the sympathetic pathway but are innervated by cholinergic fibers (sympathetic nervous system
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFN3ZWF0IGdsYW5kcy4=[Qq]
[q] ………….. use Gs coupled receptors and activate adenyl cyclase as a second messenger, but ………. use Gi coupled receptors and inhibit adenyl cyclase as a second messenger.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IM6yMSwgzrIyLCDOsjMsIEQxLiBNMiwgzrEyLCBEMi4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] Choline uptake in presynaptic neuron is inhibited by ………..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IGhlbWljaG9saW5pdW0u
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……… inhibits vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAT) preventing the storage of acetylcholine.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFZlc2FtaWNvbC4=[Qq]
[q] ……… interacts with synaptobrevin and other proteins to prevent ACh release and is used in blepharospasm, strabismus/hyperhydrosis, dystonia, and cosmetics.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJvdHVsaW51bSB0b3hpbi4=[Qq]
[q] ………… is a direct Cholinomimetic drug on bowel and bladder and can be used in post-operative ileus and non obstructive urinary retention.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJldGhhbmNob2wu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………… is a direct Cholinomimetic drug on the eye and can be used to relieves intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENhcmJhY2hvbC4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………… is a direct Cholinomimetic drug on airway when
inhaled and can be used as a challenge test for diagnosis of asthma.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE1ldGhhY2hvbGluZS4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………… is a direct Cholinomimetic drug on the eye and secretions and can be used for treatment of Open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma,
xerostomia (Sjögren syndrome)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBpbG9jYXJwaW5lLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………… is an indirect Cholinomimetic drug that can cross the blood-brain barrier and can be used as Antidote for anticholinergic toxicity (Atropine toxicity).
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBoeXNvc3RpZ21pbmUuIFBoeXNvc3RpZ21pbmUg4oCccGh5eGVz4oCdIGF0cm9waW5lIG92ZXJkb3NlLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………… and ……….. are indirect Cholinomimetic drug that can NOT cross the blood-brain barrier and can be used in treatment of Myasthenia gravis.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFB5cmlkb3N0aWdtaW5lIGFuZCBOZW9zdGlnbWluZS4=
Cg==Jm5ic3A7
Cg==[Qq]
[q] ………… is an indirect Cholinomimetic drug that was historically used to diagnose myasthenia gravis; replaced by anti-AChR Ab (anti-acetylcholine
receptor antibody) test.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEVkcm9waG9uaXVtLg==
Cg==Jm5ic3A7
Cg==[Qq]
[q] ………… is an indirect Cholinomimetic drug that is 1st line for Alzheimer disease.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IERvbmVwZXppbCwgcml2YXN0aWdtaW5lLCBnYWxhbnRhbWluZS4=
Cg==Jm5ic3A7
Cg==[Qq]
[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?
60 years old farmer presenting with lethargy, excessive sweeting, pupil is constrictive but reactive to light, bradycardia, diarrhea and urine incontinence?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9yZ2Fub3Bob3NwaGF0ZXMgUG9pc29uaW5nLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] How will you manage a case of Organophosphates Poisoning?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]
Cg==MS4gUmV2ZXJzZSBtdXNjYXJpbmljIGFuZCBDTlMgc2lkZSBlZmZlY3RzIGJ5IGF0cm9waW5lLCBjb21wZXRpdGl2ZSBpbmhpYml0b3IuIEF0cm9waW5lIGNhbiBjcm9zcyBCQkIgdG8gcmVsaWV2ZSBDTlMgc3ltcHRvbXMu
Cg==[Qq]2. Remove the contaminated clothes.
3. Nicotinic side effects can be reversed by pralidoxime, regenerates AChE via dephosphorylation if given early.
[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?
35 years old grander patient presenting with disorientation, fever, tachycardia, difficulty to see near objects, dry, flushed skin after cleaning the garden?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEF0cm9waW5lIHRveGljaXR5IChKaW1zb24gd2VlZCku
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………. is a muscarinic antagonists on the eye that produce mydriasis and cycloplegia and can be used in fundus examination.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEF0cm9waW5lLCBob21hdHJvcGluZSwgdHJvcGljYW1pZGUu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………. is a muscarinic antagonists on CNS and can be used for treatment of Parkinson disease.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJlbnp0cm9waW5lLCB0cmloZXh5cGhlbmlkeWwuIOKAnHBhcmsgbXkgQmVueuKAnS4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………. is a muscarinic antagonists on GI and can be used as Antispasmodics for irritable bowel syndrome.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEh5b3NjeWFtaW5lLCBkaWN5Y2xvbWluZS4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……… is a muscarinic antagonists on Bronchi and can be used for treatment of COPD and asthma.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IElwcmF0cm9waXVtLCB0aW90cm9waXVtLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……… is a muscarinic antagonists on urinary bladder and can be used for treatment of urge incontinence.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFNvbGlmZW5hY2luLCBPeHlidXR5bmluLCBGbGF2b3hhdGUsIFRvbHRlcm9kaW5lLiBNYWtlIGJsYWRkZXIgU09GVC4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……… is a muscarinic antagonists on CNS that can be used for treatment of motion sickness.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFNjb3BvbGFtaW5lLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………. is a direct sympathomimetic drug that work on alpha receptors (α1 > α2) and can be used for treatment of Hypotension (vasoconstrictor), ocular procedures (mydriatic), rhinitis (decongestant), ischemic
priapism.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBoZW55bGVwaHJpbmUu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………. is a direct sympathomimetic drug that work on α1 receptors and can be used for treatment of Autonomic insufficiency and postural
hypotension.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE1pZG9kcmluZS4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………. is a direct sympathomimetic drug that work on beta receptors (β1 = β2) and can be used for Electrophysiologic evaluation of
tachyarrhythmias.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IElzb3Byb3RlcmVub2wu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………. is a direct sympathomimetic drug that work on beta receptors (β1 > β2) and can be used for treatment and prophylaxis of asthma and as a tocolytic.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFsYnV0ZXJvbCwgc2FsbWV0ZXJvbCwgdGVyYnV0YWxpbmUu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……… is a direct sympathomimetic drug that work on beta receptors β3 and can be used for treatment of urge incontience.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE1pcmFiZWdyb24u
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……… is a direct sympathomimetic drug that work on β1 > β2, α receptors and can be used for treatment of acute decompensated
heart failure (HF) with cardiogenic shock (inotrope).
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IERvYnV0YW1pbmUu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……… is a direct sympathomimetic drug that work on D1 receptors and can be used for treatment of hypertensive crisis.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEZlbm9sZG9wYW0u
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……… is a direct sympathomimetic drug that work on D1 = D2 > β > α according to the dose given receptors and can be used for treatment of Unstable bradycardia and shock.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IERvcGFtaW5lLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……… is a direct sympathomimetic drug that work on α1 > α2 > β1 receptors and can be used for treatment of Hypotension and septic shock.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE5vcmVwaW5lcGhyaW5lLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] …….. is a direct sympathomimetic drug that work on α1, α2, β1, B2 receptors (in low dose it work on beta more than alpha receptors and in high dose it works more in alpha receptors) and can be used for treatment of Anaphylaxis, asthma, and shock.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEVwaW5lcGhyaW5lLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………. is an indirect sympathomimetic that increases the endogenous NE by increasing its release & inhibition of its reuptake and can be used for treatment of Narcolepsy, obesity, and ADHD.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFtcGhldGFtaW5lLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] …….. is an indirect sympathomimetic that increases the endogenous NE by inhibition of its reuptake and its toxicity cause severe symptoms due to excess catecholamines in synapses which can lead to death from severe hypertension and myocardial infarction.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENvY2FpbmUu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………. is an indirect sympathomimetic that increases the endogenous NE by increasing its release and can be used for treatment of Nasal decongestion (pseudoephedrine), urinary incontinence, and hypotension.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEVwaGVkcmluZS4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………. is a sympatholytic drug that decreases the sympathetic output and can be used for treatment of Hypertensive urgency (limited situations),
ADHD, Tourette syndrome, and symptom control in opioid withdrawal
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENsb25pZGluZSwgZ3VhbmZhY2luZS4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………. is a sympatholytic drug that decreases the sympathetic output and can be used for treatment of Hypertension in pregnancy.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IM6xLW1ldGh5bGRvcGEu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………. is a sympatholytic drug that decreases the sympathetic output and can be used for treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFRpemFuaWRpbmUu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] Avoid use of β-blockers for ……… and …….. due to unsubstantiated concern for unopposed α-adrenergic stimulation
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IGFjdXRlIGNvY2FpbmUgdG94aWNpdHkgYW5kIHBoZW9jaHJvbW9jeXRvbWEu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] …….. is used for treatment of beta blockers overdose.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEdsdWNhZ29uLg==[Qq]
[q] ……….., ……….., and ……… are beta blockers that decrease mortality in case of heart failure.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJpc29wcm9sb2wsIGNhcnZlZGlsb2wsIG1ldG9wcm9sb2wgKM6yLWJsb2NrZXJzIGN1cmIgbW9ydGFsaXR5KS4=[Qq]
[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?
3 patients presented to you in ER with oral burning sensation, facial flushing, erythema, urticaria, itching, bronchospasm, angioedema, hypotension after eating mackerel and tuna in sea food restaurant?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IHNjb21icm9pZCBwb2lzb25pbmcuIEJhY3RlcmlhbCBoaXN0aWRpbmUgZGVjYXJib3h5bGFzZSBjb252ZXJ0cyBoaXN0aWRpbmUgdG8gaGlzdGFtaW5lLg==[Qq]
[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?
37 years old patient presenting with Nausea, diarrhea, paresthesias, weakness, dizziness, loss of reflexes after eating seafood in Japanese restaurant?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFRldHJvZG90b3hpbiBwb2lzb25pbmcuIEJpbmRzIGZhc3Qgdm9sdGFnZS1nYXRlZCBOYSsgY2hhbm5lbHMgaW4gbmVydmU=
CnRpc3N1ZSwgcHJldmVudGluZyBkZXBvbGFyaXphdGlvbi4=[Qq]
[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?
31 years old patient presenting with Nausea, diarrhea, perioral numbness;
reversal of hot and cold sensations; bradycardia, heart block, hypotension after eating barracuda in seafood restaurant?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENpZ3VhdG94aW4gcG9pc29uaW5nLiBPcGVucyBOYSsgY2hhbm5lbHMsIGNhdXNpbmcgZGVwb2xhcml6YXRpb24gJiM4MjEyOyZndDsgTmV1cm90b3hpY2l0eS4=[Qq]
[x][restart]
[/qwiz]