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[h] Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

22 years old female presenting with flat, well-circumscribed macules and patches of absent pigment, varying in size from a few to several centimeters + Histologic examination of the epidermis demonstrates a loss of melanocytes and a complete absence of melanin pigment?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFZpdGlsaWdvLg==

Vml0aWxpZ28gaXMgYSByZWxhdGl2ZWx5IGNvbW1vbiBjb25kaXRpb24gY2hhcmFjdGVyaXplZCBieSB0aGUgcGFydGlhbCBvciBjb21wbGV0ZSBsb3NzIG9mIGVwaWRlcm1hbCBtZWxhbm9jeXRlcyBkdWUgdG8gYXV0b2ltbXVuZSBkZXN0cnVjdGlvbiBvZiBtZWxhbm9jeXRlcy4=

SXQgY2FuIG9jY3VyIGFzIGFuIGlzb2xhdGVkIGRpc29yZGVyIGJ1dCBpcyBvZnRlbiBhc3NvY2lhdGVkIHdpdGggb3RoZXIgYXV0b2ltbXVuZSBjb25kaXRpb25zIChhdXRvaW1tdW5lIHRoeXJvaWQgZGlzZWFzZSwgcmhldW1hdG9pZCBhcnRocml0aXMsIHBlcm5pY2lvdXMgYW5lbWlhLCBwcmltYXJ5IGFkcmVuYWwgaW5zdWZmaWNpZW5jeSku[Qq]

[q] ……. has normal melanocyte number with ↓ melanin production due to ↓ tyrosinase activity or defective tyrosine transport?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFsYmluaXNtLiBJdCBoYXMgaW5jcmVhc2VkIHJpc2sgb2Ygc3F1YW1vdXMgY2VsbCBjYXJjaW5vbWEsIGJhc2FsIGNlbGwgY2FyY2lub21hLCBhbmQgbWVsYW5vbWEgZHVlIHRvIHJlZHVjZWQgcHJvdGVjdGlvbiBhZ2FpbnN0IFVWQi4=

[q] ……. presents with small, tan to brown macule due to increased number of melanosomes (melanocytes are not increased).; darkens when exposed to sunligh?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEZyZWNrbGUgKGVwaGVsaXMpLg==

[q] ….. is Small (5-10 mm), oval, tan-brown macule or patch resulting from benign melanocyte hyperplasia → linear melanocytic hyperplasia producing hyperpigmented basal cell layer. Do not darken with sunlight?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGxlbnRpZ28u[Qq]

[q] ….. is a mask-like hyperpigmentation of the cheeks. Associated with pregnancy and oral contraceptives. Exacerbated by sun exposure?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE1lbGFzbWEgKENobG9hc21hKS4=[Qq]

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

18 years old patient presenting with flat, black- to brown-pigmented macules with darker coloration in the center than the periphery and preserved skin markings + Histology shows aggregates of nevus cells limited to the dermoepidermal junction?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEp1bmN0aW9uYWwgbmV2dXMu

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

30 years old patient presenting with raised papules with uniform brown to tan pigmentation + Histology shows aggregates of nevus cells extend into the dermis (has both dermal and epidermal involvement)?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENvbXBvdW5kIG5ldnVzLg==

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

50 years old patient presenting with skin- to tan-colored, dome-shaped, and sometimes pedunculated + Histology shows aggregates of nevus cells in the dermis & the epidermal nests of nevus cells have been lost?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEludHJhZGVybWFsIG5ldnVzLg==

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

50 years old patient presenting with 7 mm skin lesion with variable brown, tan, black discoloration, irregular edges and increase in size with time + skin biopsy is S-100 tumor marker +.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE1lbGFub21hLg==[Qq]

[q] ………. is a protein kinase involved in activation of signaling pathways for melanocyte proliferation, and the BRAF V600E mutation is seen in 40-60% of patients with melanoma?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJSQUYu[Qq]

[q] ……… is the most important prognostic factor in predicting melanoma metastasis?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]ICYjODIxMTsgVmVydGljYWwgZ3Jvd3RoIGludG8gdGhlIGRlZXAgZGVybWlzLiBEZXB0aCBvZiBleHRlbnNpb24gKEJyZXNsb3cgdGhpY2tuZXNzKSBpcyB0aGUgbW9zdCBpbXBvcnRhbnQgcHJvZ25vc3RpYyBmYWN0b3IgaW4gcHJlZGljdGluZyBtZXRhc3Rhc2lzLg==

[q] ……….. is a superficial bacterial infection of the skin largely limited to the epidermis and not spreading below the dermal-epidermal junction. Most often due to S. aureus or S. pyogenes. Commonly affects children.  Presents as erythematous macules that progress to pustules, usually on the face; rupture of pustules results in erosions and dry, crusted, honey-colored serum.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEltcGV0aWdvLg==[Qq]

[q] …… is infection involving upper dermis and superficial lymphatics, usually from S. pyogenes. Presents with well-defined, raised demarcation between infected and normal skin.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVyeXNpcGVsYXMu[Qq]

[q] …… is a Deeper (dermal and subcutaneous) infection, usually due to S. aureus or S. pyogenes. Presents as a red, tender, swollen rash with fever.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENlbGx1bGl0aXMu[Qq]

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

Newborn presenting with fever + Generalized erythematous rash With sloughing of the upper layers of the epidermis that heals completely + ⊕ Nikolsky sign (separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFN0YXBoeWxvY29jY2FsIHNjYWxkZWQgc2tpbiBzeW5kcm9tZS4gRXhvdG94aW4gKGV4Zm9saWF0aXZlIHRveGluIEEpIGRlc3Ryb3lzIGtlcmF0aW5vY3l0ZSBhdHRhY2htZW50cyBpbiBzdHJhdHVtIGdyYW51bG9zdW0u

[q] …… is a Flesh-colored papules with a rough surface due to HPV infection of keratinocytes; characterized by koilocytic change.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFZlcnJ1Y2EgKHdhcnQpLg==[Qq]

[q] …… is a Firm, pink, umbilicated papules due to poxvirus; affected keratinocytes show cytoplasmic inclusions.  Most often arise in children; also occur in sexually active adults and immunocompromised individuals.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE1vbGx1c2N1bSBjb250YWdpb3N1bS4=[Qq]

[q] …… is a rare blood vessel malignancy in the breast and associated with chronic postmastectomy lymphedema.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFuZ2lvc2FyY29tYS4=[Qq]

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

AIDS patient with low CD4 count presenting with red-purple papules in the facial skin. Skin biopsy shows neutrophilic infiltrate.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJhY2lsbGFyeSBhbmdpb21hdG9zaXMgZHVlIHRvIEJhcnRvbmVsbGEgaGVuc2VsYWUgaW5mZWN0aW9uLg==[Qq]

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

AIDS patient with low CD4 count presenting with red purple skin lesion. Skin biopsy shows lymphocytic infiltrate.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEthcG9zaSBzYXJjb21hLg==[Qq]

[q] …….. is a Benign capillary hemangioma of the elderly. Does not regress. Frequency ↑ with age.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENoZXJyeSBoZW1hbmdpb21hLg==[Qq]

[q] ….. is a Benign capillary hemangioma of infancy. Appears in first few weeks of life (1/200 births); grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by 5–8 years old.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFN0cmF3YmVycnkgaGVtYW5naW9tYS4=[Qq]

[q] ……. is a Benign, painful, red-blue tumor, commonly under fingernails. Arises from modified smooth muscle cells of the thermoregulatory glomus body.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEdsb211cyB0dW1vci4=[Qq]

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

Patient with recurrent history of neurologic deficits and seizures. Brain CT is shown below:

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENhdmVybm91cyBoZW1hbmdpb21hcyBhcmUgdmFzY3VsYXIgbWFsZm9ybWF0aW9ucyB0aGF0IGZyZXF1ZW50bHkgaW52b2x2ZSB0aGUgZGVlcGVyIHRpc3N1ZXMgb2YgdGhlIGJvZHksIHN1Y2ggYXMgdGhlIGxpdmVyIGFuZCBicmFpbi4gSGlzdG9sb2dpY2FsbHksIHRoZXkgYXJlIGNvbXBvc2VkIG9mIGFibm9ybWFsLCBkaWxhdGVkIGJsb29kIHZlc3NlbHMgd2l0aCBhIHRoaW4gYWR2ZW50aXRpYSBsYWNraW5nIGVsYXN0aWMgZmliZXJzIGFuZCBzbW9vdGggbXVzY2xlLiBUaGUgcmVkdWNlZCBzdHJ1Y3R1cmFsIHN1cHBvcnQgZ2l2ZXMgdGhlbSBhIHRlbmRlbmN5IHRvIGxlYWssIGNhdXNpbmcgcmVjdXJyZW50IGNlcmVicmFsIGhlbW9ycmhhZ2Uu[Qq]

[q] Local cutaneous adverse effects of chronic topical corticosteroid administration include ……?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGF0cm9waHkvdGhpbm5pbmcgb2YgdGhlIGRlcm1pcy4=[Qq]

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