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[h] Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] ……. is epidermal hyperplasia causing symmetric, hyperpigmented thickening of skin, especially in axilla or on neck. Associated with insulin resistance (non-insulin-dependent diabetes), visceral malignancy (gastric adenocarcinoma)?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFjYW50aG9zaXMgbmlncmljYW5zLg==[Qq]

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

40 years old male presenting with Small, rough, erythematous or brownish papules or plaques on his face. They are often felt more than seen and have a rough, sandpaper-like texture on sun exposed area. On light microscopy, skin biopsy show hyperkeratosis (hyperplasia of the stratum corneum), parakeratosis (retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum), and atypical keratinocytes with pleomorphic nuclei and multiple mitoses (confined to the epidermis)?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFjdGluaWMga2VyYXRvc2lzLiBBS3MgZG8gbm90IGludmFkZSB0aGUgZGVybWlzIGFuZCBhcmUgY29uc2lkZXJlZCB0byBiZSBwcmVtYWxpZ25hbnQgbGVzaW9ucy4gT3ZlciBzZXZlcmFsIHllYXJzLCBhIHNtYWxsIHBlcmNlbnRhZ2Ugb2YgQUtzIHRyYW5zZm9ybSBpbnRvIGludmFzaXZlIHNxdWFtb3VzIGNlbGwgY2FyY2lub21hIChTQ0MpLCBhIGNoYW5nZSByZWZsZWN0ZWQgYnkgYW4gaW5jcmVhc2UgaW4gbGVzaW9uIHNpemUgYW5kIHRoaWNrbmVzcywgZGVybWFsIGludmFzaW9uLCBhbmQgbWV0YXN0YXRpYyBwb3RlbnRpYWwu[Qq]

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

Painful, raised inflammatory lesions of subcutaneous fat on anterior shins in patient with ulcerative colitis?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVyeXRoZW1hIG5vZG9zdW0u[Qq]

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

Patient presenting with intensely pruritic, raised erythematous plaques that arise suddenly after using penicillin drug?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFVydGljYXJpYSAoaGl2ZXMpLiBVcnRpY2FyaWEgaXMgZHVlIHRvIGluY3JlYXNlZCBwZXJtZWFiaWxpdHkgb2YgdGhlIG1pY3JvdmFzY3VsYXR1cmUsIGxlYWRpbmcgdG8gc3VwZXJmaWNpYWwgZGVybWFsIGVkZW1hIGFuZCBseW1waGF0aWMgY2hhbm5lbCBkaWxhdGlvbi4gVGhlIG92ZXJseWluZyBlcGlkZXJtaXMgdHlwaWNhbGx5IGFwcGVhcnMgbm9ybWFsLiBJbnZvbHZlbWVudCBvZiB0aGUgZGVlcCBkZXJtaXMgYW5kIHN1YmN1dGFuZW91cyB0aXNzdWUgaXMgdGVybWVkIGFuZ2lvZWRlbWEu[Qq]

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

Patient presenting with scaly erythematous rash  in a “Christmas tree” distribution on trunk that started 2 days ago as a single patch (herald patch).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBpdHlyaWFzaXMgcm9zZWEu[Qq]

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

Patient presenting with firm, hyperpigmented papules and pustules that are painful and pruritic on his cheek related to shaving?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBzZXVkb2ZvbGxpY3VsaXRpcyBiYXJiYWUu

Jm5ic3A7

[Qq]

[q] Androgenetic alopecia shows polygenic inheritance, with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) being the primary pathogenic factor. ……… decrease the conversion of testosterone to DHT and are effective for treating the condition?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IDUtzrEtcmVkdWN0YXNlIGluaGliaXRvcnMgKGZpbmFzdGVyaWRlKS4=[Qq]

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

Patient presenting with skin lesions that has a coinlike, waxy, ‘stuck-on’ appearance. Skin biopsy shows Flat, greasy, pigmented squamous epithelial proliferation of immature keratinocytes with keratin filled cysts (horn cysts).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNlYm9ycmhlaWMga2VyYXRvc2lzLg==[Qq]

[q] Leser-Trelat sign is the sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses and suggests ………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHVuZGVybHlpbmcgY2FyY2lub21hIG9mIHRoZSBHSSB0cmFjdC4=[Qq]

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

Patient presenting with elevated nodule with a central, ulcerated crater surrounded by dilated (telangiectatic) vessels in the upper lip + biopsy shows  nodules of basal cells with peripheral palisading.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJhc2FsIGNlbGwgY2FyY2lub21hLg==

[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”

Patient presenting with an ulcerated, nodular mass, usually on the face. Skin biopsy shows keratin pearls.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNxdWFtb3VzIGNlbGwgY2FyY2lub21hLg==

[q] …….. irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) by covalent acetylation –> ↓ synthesis of TXA2 and prostaglandins?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFzcGlyaW4u[Qq]

[q] why we use NaHco3 in cases of aspirin overdose?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFsa2FsaW5pemF0aW9uIChOYUhDTzMpIG9mIHVyaW5lIGZhY2lsaXRhdGUgc2FsaWN5bGF0ZSByZW5hbCBlbGltaW5hdGlvbi4=[Qq]

[q] ….. reversibly inhibit cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2)?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5TQUlEcyAoSWJ1cHJvZmVuLCBuYXByb3hlbiwgaW5kb21ldGhhY2luLCBrZXRvcm9sYWMsIGRpY2xvZmVuYWMsIG1lbG94aWNhbSwgcGlyb3hpY2FtKS4=[Qq]

[q] …….. reversibly inhibits specifically the cyclooxygenase (COX) isoform 2, which is found in inflammatory cells and vascular endothelium and mediates inflammation and pain?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENlbGVjb3hpYi4=[Qq]

[q] Some selective COX 2 inhibitors have been associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events, which may be related to decreased production of ……..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHByb3N0YWN5Y2xpbiAoUEdJMikuIFRoZSBDT1ggMiBlbnp5bWUgaXMgYWxzbyBleHByZXNzZWQgaW4gdmFzY3VsYXIgZW5kb3RoZWxpYWwgY2VsbHMgYW5kIHZhc2N1bGFyIHNtb290aCBtdXNjbGUgY2VsbHMsIGFuZCBtYXkgcGxheSBhIHJvbGUgaW4gdGhlIGxvY2FsIHByb2R1Y3Rpb24gb2YgcHJvc3RhY3ljbGluIChQR0kyKSwgYSBzdWJzdGFuY2UgdGhhdCBwcm9tb3RlcyBhbnRpY29hZ3VsYXRpb24gYW5kIHZhc2N1bGFyIGRpbGF0YXRpb24u

[q] ….. reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase, mostly in CNS. Inactivated peripherally?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFjZXRhbWlub3BoZW4u[Qq]

[q] Why acetaminophen toxicity produces hepatic necrosis?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]ICYjODIxMTsgT3ZlcmRvc2UgcHJvZHVjZXMgaGVwYXRpYyBuZWNyb3NpczsgYWNldGFtaW5vcGhlbiBtZXRhYm9saXRlIChOQVBRSSkgZGVwbGV0ZXMgZ2x1dGF0aGlvbmUgYW5kIGZvcm1zIHRveGljIHRpc3N1ZSBieXByb2R1Y3RzIGluIGxpdmVyLg==

[q] Antidote of acetaminophen toxicity is …..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE4tYWNldHlsY3lzdGVpbmUgaXMgYW50aWRvdGUg4oaSIHJlZ2VuZXJhdGVzIGdsdXRhdGhpb25lLg==[Qq]

[q] …… reversibly inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, preventing pyrimidine synthesis. its one of the disease-modifying agents used in treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IExlZmx1bm9taWRlLg==[Qq]

[q] All patients being considered for TNF- inhibitor therapy should have ……..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJhc2VsaW5lIFBQRCBza2luIHRlc3QgdG8gc2NyZWVuIGZvciBsYXRlbnQgdHViZXJjdWxvc2lzLiBBbGwgVE5GLc6xIGluaGliaXRvcnMgcHJlZGlzcG9zZSB0byBpbmZlY3Rpb24sIGluY2x1ZGluZyByZWFjdGl2YXRpb24gb2YgbGF0ZW50IFRCLCBzaW5jZSBUTkYgaXMgaW1wb3J0YW50IGluIGdyYW51bG9tYSBmb3JtYXRpb24gYW5kIHN0YWJpbGl6YXRpb24u[Qq]

[q] ……. is a fusion protein (receptor for TNF-α + IgG1 Fc), produced by recombinant DNA which acts as a TNF decoy receptor?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEV0YW5lcmNlcHQu[Qq]

[q] ……… is anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEluZmxpeGltYWIsIGFkYWxpbXVtYWIu

[q]   ………… is a Pyrophosphate analogs; bind hydroxyapatite in bone, inhibiting osteoclast activity. Used for treatment of – Osteoporosis.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJpc3Bob3NwaG9uYXRlcy4=[Qq]

[q] Side effects of Bisphosphonates are …….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IDEuIEVzb3BoYWdpdGlzIChpZiB0YWtlbiBvcmFsbHksIHBhdGllbnRzIGFyZSBhZHZpc2VkIHRvIHRha2UgaXQgb24gYW4gZW1wdHkgc3RvbWFjaCBkdWUgdG8gcG9vciBnYXN0cm9pbnRlc3RpbmFsIGFic29ycHRpb24gYW5kIHdpdGggd2F0ZXIgYW5kIHJlbWFpbiB1cHJpZ2h0IGZvciAzMCBtaW51dGVzIHRvIHByZXZlbnQgcmVmbHV4IGJlY2F1c2UgdGhlc2UgYWdlbnRzIGFyZSBjYXVzdGljIHRvIHRoZSBlc29waGFndXMpLg==

Mi4gT3N0ZW9uZWNyb3NpcyBvZiBqYXcu

My4gQXR5cGljYWwgc3RyZXNzIGZyYWN0dXJlcy4=[Qq]

[q] …….. is a recombinant PTH analog. Used for treatment of – Osteoporosis. ↑ risk of osteosarcoma.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFRlcmlwYXJhdGlkZS4=[Qq]

[q] ………  are the first-line therapy for treatment of acute gouty arthritis.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5TQUlEcy4=[Qq]

[q] ….. is considered as second-line therapy for treatment of acute gouty arthritis due to its side effects of nausea and diarrhea.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENvbGNoaWNpbmUu[Qq]

[q] ….. are indicated for treatment of acute gouty arthritis in patients with a contraindication to both NSAIDs and colchicine, such as patients with renal failure.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEdsdWNvY29ydGljb2lkcy4=[Qq]

[q] ……… Binds and stabilizes tubulin to inhibit microtubule polymerization → disrupts cytoskeletal-dependent functions such as chemotaxis and phagocytosis.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENvbGNoaWNpbmUu[Qq]

[q] …… is the best long-term treatment choice for chronic tophaceous gout regardless of the urinary excretion of uric acid.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFsbG9wdXJpbm9sLg==[Qq]

[q] …… is a Competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (↓ conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine to urate).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFsbG9wdXJpbm9sLCBGZWJ1eG9zdGF0Lg==[Qq]

[q] …… is a recombinant uricase that catalyzes metabolism of uric acid to allantoin. Used for Prevention and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFJhc2J1cmljYXNlLg==[Qq]

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