[qwiz style=” width: 100% !important; !important; min-height: auto !important; border-width: 4px !important; border-color: #0099cc !important; ” align=”center” spacing=”5″]
[h] Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
[i] Master EL Husseiny’s Essentials of Musculoskeletal System in just 2 hour.
[q] If one of the maxillary prominences fails to fuse with the intermaxillary segment, ….. results?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFVuaWxhdGVyYWwgY2xlZnQgbGlwIChGb3IgdW5rbm93biByZWFzb25zLCB0aGlzIG9jY3VycyA=bW9yZSBjb21tb25seSBvbiB0aGUgbGVmdA==KS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] If both maxillary prominences fail to fuse with the intermaxillary segment, ….. result?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJpbGF0ZXJhbCBjbGVmdCBsaXAu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] If the palatine shelves of the maxillary prominence fail to properly fuse with one another or with the primary palate …… results?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENsZWZ0IHBhbGF0ZS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Child who was born through breech delivery + On physical examination, the head is tilted toward the affected side with the chin pointed away from the contracture + soft-tissue mass may be palpable in the inferior one-third of the affected SCM.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENvbmdlbml0YWwgdG9ydGljb2xsaXMu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient with anterior shoulder dislocation presenting with flattened deltoid + Loss of arm abduction at shoulder (> 15 degrees) + Loss of sensation over lateral Arm?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEF4aWxsYXJ5IG5lcnZlIGluanVyeS4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Baseball pitcher presenting with Loss of forearm flexion and supination + Loss of sensation over lateral forearm + ↓ biceps (C5-6) reflex?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE11c2N1bG9jdXRhbmVvdXMgbmVydmUgaW5qdXJ5Lg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient with humerus fracture presenting with wrist drop + Loss of sensation over posterior arm/forearm and dorsal hand?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJhZGlhbCBuZXJ2ZSBpbmp1cnkuIFRoZSByYWRpYWwgbmVydmUgYW5kIA==ZGVlcCBicmFjaGlhbCBhcnRlcnk=IGNhbiBhbHNvIGJlIGluanVyZWQgYnkgbWlkc2hhZnQgaHVtZXJ1cyBmcmFjdHVyZXMu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with weakness on finger and thumb extension (“finger drop”) + preserved wrist extension + Intact sensation after excessive use of screwdriver?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJhZGlhbCBuZXJ2ZSBpbmp1cnkgaW4gc3VwaW5hdG9yIGNhbmFsLg==[Qq]
[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?
Patient presenting with weakness of wrist flexion, flexion of lateral fingers + Loss of sensation over thenar eminence and dorsal and palmar aspects of lateral 3 ½ fingers?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFByb3hpbWFsIG1lZGlhbiBuZXJ2ZSBpbmp1cnku
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with ape hand + thenar atrophy without any loss of the sensation.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJlY3VycmVudCBicmFuY2ggb2YgbWVkaWFuIG5lcnZlIGluanVyeS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Child presenting with wrist drop + sensory loss over the posterior forearm/dorsolateral hand after falling on outstretched hand?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFN1cHJhY29uZHlsYXIgZnJhY3R1cmVzIHdpdGggYW50ZXJvbGF0ZXJhbCBkaXNwbGFjZW1lbnQgb2YgdGhlIHByb3hpbWFsIGZyYWN0dXJlIGZyYWdtZW50IHR5cGljYWxseSBjYXVzZSA=cmFkaWFsIG5lcnZlIGluanVyeQ==Lg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?” Child presenting with sensory loss over the first 3 digits and weakness on flexion of the first 3 digits and wrist + decreased pulsation of the upper limb after falling on outstretched hand?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFN1cHJhY29uZHlsYXIgZnJhY3R1cmVzIHJlc3VsdGluZyBpbiBhbnRlcm9tZWRpYWwgZGlzcGxhY2VtZW50IG9mIHRoZSBwcm94aW1hbCBmcmFjdHVyZSBmcmFnbWVudCB0eXBpY2FsbHkgY2F1c2UgbWVkaWFuIG5lcnZlIGFuZCBicmFjaGlhbCBhcnRlcnkgaW5qdXJ5Lg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?” Patient presenting with loss of wrist flexion/adduction, flexion of 4th/5th digits, abduction and adduction of fingers + clawing of the 4th/5th fingers at rest + – Loss of sensation over medial 1 ½ fingers including hypothenar eminence after falling on outstretched hand?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IERpc3RhbCB1bG5hciBuZXJ2ZSBpbmp1cnkgKEZyYWN0dXJlZCBob29rIG9mIGhhbWF0ZSBmcm9tIGZhbGwgb24gb3V0c3RyZXRjaGVkIGhhbmQpLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Baseball pitcher presenting with loss of extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the humerus, what is the nerve responsible for the innervation of the injured muscle?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IExhdGlzc2ltdXMgZG9yc2kgaXMgaW5uZXJ2YXRlZCBieSB0aGUgdGhvcmFjb2RvcnNhbCBuZXJ2ZS4=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Child presenting with adducted, medially rotated arm and extented, pronated forearm after traumatic delivery?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEVyYiBwYWxzeSAod2FpdGVy4oCZcyB0aXApIGR1ZSB0byB0cmFjdGlvbiBvciB0ZWFyIG9mIHVwcGVyIHRydW5rIChDNS1DNiByb290cyku
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Child presenting with hand clumsiness or paralysis + Total claw hand after grabbing a tree branch to break a fall?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEtsdW1wa2UgcGFsc3kgZHVlIHRvIHRyYWN0aW9uIG9yIHRlYXIgb2YgbG93ZXIgdHJ1bmsgKEM4LVQxIHJvb3RzKS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient with lung cancer presenting with upper extremity numbness, tingling, and weakness + upper extremity edema and swelling + exertional arm pain + decreased upper limb pulsation?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFRob3JhY2ljIG91dGxldCBzeW5kcm9tZS4=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with winged scapula when the patient presses anterior against a wall + weakness in abducting the arm above horizontal after going through radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IExlc2lvbiBvZiBsb25nIHRob3JhY2ljIG5lcnZlLg==[Qq]
[q]
1. Supraspinatus function is ……; innervated by …….?
2. Infraspinatus function is ……; innervated by …….?
3. Teres minor function is ……; innervated by …….?
4. Subscapularis function is ……; innervated by …….?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]
Cg==MS4gU3VwcmFzcGluYXR1cyBmdW5jdGlvbiBpcyA=YWJkdWN0cyBhcm0gaW5pdGlhbGx5IChiZWZvcmUgdGhlIGFjdGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgZGVsdG9pZCk=OyBpbm5lcnZhdGVkIGJ5IA==[Qq]suprascapular nerve.
2. Infraspinatus function is externally rotates arm; innervated by suprascapular nerve.
3. Teres minor function is adducts and laterally rotates arm; innervated by axillary nerve.
4. Subscapularis function is medially rotates and adducts arm; innervated by subscapular nerves.
[q] Of the rotator cuff structures, the tendon of the ….. is most commonly affected in rotator cuff syndrome?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFN1cHJhc3BpbmF0dXMgbXVzY2xlLg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Middle aged male who is working as a painter presenting with pain and tenderness in the shoulder on flexion or abduction of the humerus + Patient abducts arm to 90°, flexes arm to 30°, points thumbs down toward ground resisting examiner’s downward force → unilateral pain and weakness.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJvdGF0b3IgY3VmZiBpbXBpbmdlbWVudCBvciB0ZW5kaW5vcGF0aHku
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?” Middle aged male who is working as a painter presenting with weakness of abduction + the patient’s arm is abducted above the head and the patient is asked to lower the arm slowly. The patient will be unable to lower the arm smoothly and arm drop rapidly around mid-adduction?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJvdGF0b3IgY3VmZiB0ZWFyLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with pain and immobility of the right arm after falling on outstretched hand. The patient use the contralateral hand to support the weight of the affected arm?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENsYXZpY3VsYXIgZnJhY3R1cmUuIEFsbCBwYXRpZW50cyB3aXRoIGEgY2xhdmljdWxhciBmcmFjdHVyZSBzaG91bGQgaGF2ZSBhIGNhcmVmdWwgbmV1cm92YXNjdWxhciBleGFtaW5hdGlvbiB0byBydWxlIG91dCBpbmp1cnkgdG8gdGhlIHVuZGVybHlpbmcgYnJhY2hpYWwgcGxleHVzIGFuZCBzdWJjbGF2aWFuIGFydGVyeSBhbmQgdmVpbi4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Repetitive backhand shots cause —> …..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IExhdGVyYWwgZXBpY29uZHlsaXRpcyAodGVubmlzIGVsYm93KS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Repetitive forehand shots cause —> …..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE1lZGlhbCBlcGljb25keWxpdGlzIChnb2xmZXLigJlzIGVsYm93KS4=[Qq]
[q] …. is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFNjYXBob2lkIGJvbmUu[Qq]
[q] Patient with scaphoid fracture is prone to ….. owing to retrograde blood supply?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IGF2YXNjdWxhciBuZWNyb3Npcy4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Dislocation of lunate may cause ……?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFjdXRlIGNhcnBhbCB0dW5uZWwgc3luZHJvbWUu[Qq]
[q] A fall on an outstretched hand that damages the hook of the hamate can cause …..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFVsbmFyIG5lcnZlIGluanVyeS4=[Qq]
[q]
Patient presenting with persistent wrist pain and tenderness in the anatomical snuff box following a fall on outstretched hand?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFNjYXBob2lkIGZyYWN0dXJlcy4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with clawing of the 4th and 5th digits at the rest?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IERpc3RhbCB1bG5hciBuZXJ2ZSBpbmp1cnku
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?” Patient presenting with clawing of the 2nd and 3rd digits at the rest?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IERpc3RhbCBtZWRpYW4gbmVydmUgaW5qdXJ5Lg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?” Patient presenting with inability to flex the 2nd and 3rd digits when you ask him to make a fist?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFByb3hpbWFsIG1lZGlhbiBuZXJ2ZSBpbmp1cnku[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?” Patient presenting with inability to flex the 4th and 5th digits when you ask him to make a fist?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFByb3hpbWFsIHVsbmFyIG5lcnZlIGluanVyeS4=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Office secretary presenting with paresthesia, pain, and numbness in distribution of median nerve that increase at night + thenar eminence atrophies but sensation of the thenar area is spared + tapping or percussion of the median nerve reproduce the pain?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENhcnBhbCB0dW5uZWwgc3luZHJvbWUuIEEgbG9uZ2l0dWRpbmFsIGluY2lzaW9uIHRocm91Z2ggdGhlIGxpZ2FtZW50IHJlbGlldmVzIHRoZSBwcmVzc3VyZSBvbiB0aGUgbmVydmUu[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with burning or tingling pain in surgical incision site after going through appendectomy radiating to inguinal and suprapubic region with decreased sensation at the suprapubic region?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IElsaW9oeXBvZ2FzdHJpYyBuZXJ2ZSBpbmp1cnku[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with ↓ upper medial thigh and anterior thigh sensation beneath the inguinal ligament (lateral part of the femoral triangle); absent cremasteric reflex?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEdlbml0b2ZlbW9yYWwgbmVydmUgaW5qdXJ5Lg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with ↓ thigh sensation (medial) with weakness on thigh adduction after going through pelvic surgery with inguinal lymph nodes dissection?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9idHVyYXRvciBuZXJ2ZSBpbmp1cnku[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with ↓ thigh flexion and leg extension + sensory loss over the anterior and medial thigh and medial leg is typical + On examination, the patellar reflex is generally diminished + the patient is on warfarin as anticoagulant for DVT?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEZlbW9yYWwgbmVydmUgbW9ub25ldXJvcGF0aHku
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with foot drop + weakness of dorsiflexion and eversion + loss of sensation of the dorsum of the foot after going through orthopedic surgery on lateral decubitus position?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENvbW1vbiBwZXJvbmVhbCAoZmlidWxhcikgbmVydmUgaW5qdXJ5Lg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with weakness of plantarflexion and inversion + loss of sensation of the planter surface of the the foot after exposure to knee trauma?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFRpYmlhbCBuZXJ2ZSBpbmp1cnku
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with weakness of hip flexion + weakness of dorsiflexion, plantarflexion and inversion + loss of sensation of the planter and dorsal surface of the the foot after exposure to hip fracture?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFNjaWF0aWMgbmV1cm9wYXRoeSBpcyBhIGNvbW1vbiBjb21wbGljYXRpb24gb2YgaGlwIGZyYWN0dXJlIGFuZC9vciBhcnRocm9wbGFzdHku[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with hip drop on the left side when he tries to stand on the right leg + When walking, the patient lean toward the right side to compensate for the hip drop?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJpZ2h0IFN1cGVyaW9yIGdsdXRlYWwgbmVydmUgbGVzaW9uLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with Difficulty climbing stairs, rising from seated position after exposure to motor vehicle accident with posterior hip dislocation?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEluZmVyaW9yIGdsdXRlYWwgbmVydmUgbGVzaW9uLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with loss of sensation of the perineum + fecal and urine incontinence after traumatic vaginal delivery?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFB1ZGVuZGFsIG5lcnZlIGluanVyeS4=[Qq]
[q] Pudendal nerve can be blocked with local anesthetic during childbirth using ….. as a landmark for injection?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFRoZSBpc2NoaWFsIHNwaW5lLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] ………. makes the largest contribution to the blood supply of the femoral head and neck?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFRoZSBtZWRpYWwgZmVtb3JhbCBjaXJjdW1mbGV4IGFydGVyeS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with hip pain and tenderness that is worsened by activity + reduced range of motion particularly internal rotation and abduction and joint instability + X-ray shows crescent sign with collapsed femoral head in the affected side?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEF2YXNjdWxhciBuZWNyb3NpcyBvZiBmZW1vcmFsIGhlYWQu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with excruciating pain out of proportion to the injury that is worsened on passive range of motion and does not respond well to narcotics + Paresthesia in the lower leg after tibial fracture + anterior compartment pressure >30 mm Hg?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENvbXBhcnRtZW50IHN5bmRyb21lLiBFbWVyZ2VuY3kgZmFzY2lvdG9teSBpcyByZXF1aXJlZCBmb3IgdHJlYXRtZW50Lg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with ecchymosis and joint line tenderness at the medial knee after exposure to valgus stress while playing soccer + Appreciable laxity when the leg is forced into abduction?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE1lZGlhbCBjb2xsYXRlcmFsIGxpZ2FtZW50IChNQ0wpIHRlYXIu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with knee pain after exposure to twisting force while playing basketball + popping” sensation in their knee during the injury followed by rapid onset of hemarthrosis and a feeling of instability when bearing weight on the affected side + With the knee flexed 90° –> show laxity at the knee with the tibia able to be pulled forward relative to the femur?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFudGVyaW9yIGNydWNpYXRlIGxpZ2FtZW50IChBQ0wpIGluanVyeS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with knee pain after exposure to twisting force while playing basketball + catching, locking, reduced range of motion and slow onset joint effusion + Examination show tenderness at the joint line on the medial knee + Patients also have palpable locking or catching when the joint is rotated or extended while under load?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE1lZGlhbCBNZW5pc2NhbCB0ZWFyLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with chronic lateral hip pain that is worsened with repetitive hip flexion (climbing stairs, walking uphill) or lying on the affected side + Physical examination shows local tenderness over the greater trochanter during flexion. Abduction may aggravate the pain?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEdyZWF0ZXIgdHJvY2hhbnRlcmljIHBhaW4gc3luZHJvbWUgKFRyb2NoYW50ZXJpYyBidXJzaXRpcyku
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with anterior knee pain, tenderness, erythema, and localized swelling + the patient occupation require repetitive kneeling “housemaid”?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFByZXBhdGVsbGFyIGJ1cnNpdGlzICYjODIyMDtob3VzZW1haWQmIzgyMTc7cyBrbmVlJiM4MjIxOy4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient with history of osteoarthritis + chronic, painless bulge in the medial popliteal space that is most noticeable with knee extension and less prominent with flexion + presenting with posterior knee and calf pain, with tenderness and swelling of the calf + doppler is normal?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJha2VyIGN5c3Qu[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with acute knee swelling, tenderness, inability to extend the knee against gravity after a direct blow to the anterior aspect of the knee?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IA==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with pain and ecchymosis at the anterolateral aspect of the ankle after exposure to overinversion of the foot?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEE=bnRlcmlvciA=VA==YWxvRg==[Qq]ibular ligament (Always Tears First).
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with weakness of knee extension (can’t squat) + with pain and paresthesia in the lateral thigh, medial leg and foot + diminished patellar reflex + pain going into the buttock and below the knee when the leg is raised above 60 degrees?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEw0IFJhZGljdWxvcGF0aHku
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?” Patient presenting with weakness of dorsiflexion (difficulty in heel walking) + with pain and paresthesia in the lateral leg and dorsum of the foot + pain going into the buttock and below the knee when the leg is raised above 60 degrees?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEw1IFJhZGljdWxvcGF0aHku
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?” Patient presenting with weakness of plantarflexion (difficulty in toe walking) + with back pain and paresthesia in the posterior thigh radiating in the lower limb below the knee level + diminished Achilles reflex + pain going into the buttock and below the knee when the leg is raised above 60 degrees?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFMxIFJhZGljdWxvcGF0aHkgKFNjaWF0aWNhKS4=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?” Patient presenting with presentation of sciatica (pain, tingling, and numbness in the buttocks and along the nerve distribution) + MRI is negative for intervertebral disc herniation in lumbosacral level + the pain is aggravated when the patient externally rotate the thigh when extended and abduct the thigh when flexed?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBpcmlmb3JtaXMgc3luZHJvbWUuIE11c2NsZSBpbmp1cnkgb3IgaHlwZXJ0cm9waHkgY2FuIGNvbXByZXNzIHRoZSBzY2lhdGljIG5lcnZlIHRvIGNhdXNlIHNjaWF0aWNhLWxpa2Ugc3ltcHRvbXMu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with back pain while walking, radiating into the buttocks and thighs bilaterally + – Extension of the lumbar spine (standing, walking upright) worsens the symptoms, whereas lumbar flexion (leaning on a stroller/shopping cart) relieves the pain + normal distal pulsation?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEx1bWJhciBTcGluYWwgU3Rlbm9zaXMu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Possible causes of lumbar spinal stenosisinclude:
1.
2.
3.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]
Cg==MS4gRGVnZW5lcmF0aXZlIGFydGhyaXRpcyAoc3BvbmR5bG9zaXMpLg==
Cg==Mi4gRGVnZW5lcmF0aXZlIGRpc2sgZGlzZWFzZSAocG9zdGVyaW9yIGhlcm5pYXRpb24pLg==
[Qq]3. Thickening of the ligamentum flavum.
[q] Lack of T-tubules in some myofibrils would lead to …..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFVuY29vcmRpbmF0ZWQgY29udHJhY3Rpb24gb2YgaW5kaXZpZHVhbCBmaWJlcnMu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Which type of muscle fibers perform actions requiring slow sustained force, has a low Atpase activity, use aerobic metabolism, have high content of myoglobin, mitochondrial concentrations and extensive capillaries?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFR5cGUgMSAoU2xvdyByZWQgbXVzY2xlKS4gVGhlIHBhcmFzcGluYWwgbXVzY2xlcyBhcmUgcG9zdHVyYWwgbXVzY2xlcyBwcmVkb21pbmFudGx5IGNvbXBvc2VkIG9mIFR5cGUgSSBmaWJlcnMu[Qq]
[q] Which type of muscle fibers perform actions requiring rapid forceful pulses of movement, has a high Atpase activity, use anerobic metabolism, have low content of myoglobin, mitochondrial concentrations and capillaries?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFR5cGUgSUkgKEZhc3Qgd2hpdGUgbXVzY2xlKS4=[Qq]
[q] Which type of Muscle proprioceptors that prevent overstretch of the muscles + Facilitates muscle agonist contraction and antagonist relaxation to prevent overstretching?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE11c2NsZSBzcGluZGxlLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Which type of Muscle proprioceptors that prevent overtension on the muscle + when you carry heavy weight that cause high tension on the muscle –> inhibit contraction of the muscle, causing sudden muscle relaxation?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEdvbGdpIHRlbmRvbiBvcmdhbi4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] During contraction, the actin filaments slide over the myosin filaments toward the M line, decreasing the size of the …… bands but ….. band will be the same length?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IERlY3JlYXNpbmcgdGhlIHNpemUgb2YgdGhlIEkgYW5kIEggYmFuZHMgKEEgYmFuZCBpcyBBbHdheXMgdGhlIHNhbWUgbGVuZ3RoKS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Name the following letters:
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]
Cg==QS4gWiBsaW5lLg==
Cg==Qi4gQSBiYW5kLg==
[Qq]C. M line.
D. Area of overlap.
E. I band.
F. H band.
[q] The resting membrane potential of neurons is maintained by …..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEhpZ2ggcmVzdGluZyBtZW1icmFuZSBwZXJtZWFiaWxpdHkgdG8gSyBhbmQgbG93IHBlcm1lYWJpbGl0eSB0byBOYS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Depolarization in neuronal action potential occurs due to ……?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9wZW5pbmcgb2Ygdm9sdGFnZS1nYXRlZCBOYSBjaGFubmVscyB3aXRoIHJhcGlkIGluZmx1eCBvZiBOYSBpbnRvIHRoZSBjZWxsLg==[Qq]
[q] Repolarization in neuronal action potential occurs due to ……?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEsgZWZmbHV4IGlzIHJlc3BvbnNpYmxlIGZvciByZXR1cm5pbmcgdGhlIG1lbWJyYW5lIHBvdGVudGlhbCBiYWNrIHRvIHRoZSByZXN0aW5nIHBvdGVudGlhbC4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Hyperpolarization in neuronal action potential occurs due to ……?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9jY3VycyBiZWNhdXNlIHRoZSB2b2x0YWdlLWdhdGVkIEsgY2hhbm5lbHMgcmVtYWluIG9wZW4gZm9yIGEgc2hvcnQgdGltZSBhZnRlciByZXBvbGFyaXphdGlvbiBpcyBjb21wbGV0ZWQgKHNsb3cgY2hhbm5lbCkuIA==[Qq]
[q] Drugs that lengthens the action potential (drugs that decreases the conductance of K channels) will (prolong, shorten) the absolute refractory period?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFByb2xvbmcu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Demyelinating neuropathies are caused by damage to the myelin sheath. Loss of insulation results in ….. nerve conduction velocity?
Axonal neuropathies are caused by damage to the nerve axon. Loss of axon fibers results in ….. signal amplitude?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IERlbGF5ZWQuIFJlZHVjZWQu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] In myasthenia gravis, muscle cells can’t depolarize because of ….?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEF1dG9hbnRpYm9kaWVzIGFnYWluc3QgcG9zdHN5bmFwdGljIG5pY290aW5pYyBhY2V0eWxjaG9saW5lIHJlY2VwdG9ycyAmIzgyMTE7Jmd0OyBkZWNyZWFzZWQgbnVtYmVycyBvZiBmdW5jdGlvbmFsIGFjZXR5bGNob2xpbmUgcmVjZXB0b3JzIGF0IHRoZSBuZXVyb211c2N1bGFyIGp1bmN0aW9uICYjODIxMTsmZ3Q7IHJlZHVjZXMgdGhlIGVuZC1wbGF0ZSBwb3RlbnRpYWwgZm9sbG93aW5nIGFjZXR5bGNob2xpbmUgcmVsZWFzZSAmIzgyMTE7Jmd0OyBCZWNhdXNlIHRoZSB0aHJlc2hvbGQgcG90ZW50aWFsIGlzIG5vdCByZWFjaGVkLCB0aGUgbXVzY2xlIGNlbGxzIGRvIG5vdCBkZXBvbGFyaXplLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] During excitation-contraction coupling, Ca is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to bind to …..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFRyb3BvbmluIEMuIFdoZW4gQ2EgYmluZHMgdHJvcG9uaW4gQywgdHJvcG9teW9zaW4gc2hpZnRzIHRvIGV4cG9zZSB0aGUgYWN0aW4gYmluZGluZyBzaXRlcyBmb3IgbXlvc2luLCBhbGxvd2luZyBjb250cmFjdGlvbiB0byBvY2N1ci4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] …… causes release of the myosin head from its binding site on the actin filament?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFUUCBiaW5kaW5nIHRvIG15b3Npbi4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] The final stage of excitation-contraction coupling is myocyte relaxation, which occurs subsequent to calcium efflux from the cytoplasm. Intracellular calcium is removed primarily via …..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE5hL0NhIGV4Y2hhbmdlIHB1bXAgKE5DWCkgYW5kIHNhcmNvcGxhc21pYyByZXRpY3VsdW0gQ2EgQVRQYXNlIHB1bXAgKFNFUkNBKS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Osteoblast is differentiated from ….?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE1lc2VuY2h5bWFsIHN0ZW0gY2VsbHMgaW4gcGVyaW9zdGV1bS4=[Qq]
[q] Osteoblastic activity measured by ….?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJvbmUgQUxQLCBPc3Rlb2NhbGNpbiwgUHJvcGVwdGlkZXMgb2YgdHlwZSBJIHByb2NvbGxhZ2VuLg==[Qq]
[q] Osteoclast is differentiated from ….?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEZ1c2lvbiBvZiBtb25vY3l0ZS9tYWNyb3BoYWdlIGxpbmVhZ2UgcHJlY3Vyc29ycy4=[Qq]
[q] The 2 most important factors in osteoclast differentiation include ….?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]
Cg==MS4gTWFjcm9waGFnZSBjb2xvbnktc3RpbXVsYXRpbmcgZmFjdG9yIChNLUNTRiku
Cg==Mi4gUmVjZXB0b3IgZm9yIGFjdGl2YXRlZCBudWNsZWFyIGZhY3RvciBrYXBwYSBCIGxpZ2FuZCAoUkFOSy1MKS4=
[Qq][q] Markers for osteoclastic activity include ….?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]
Cg==JiM4MjExOyBUYXJ0cmF0ZS1yZXNpc3RhbnQgYWNpZCBwaG9zcGhhdGFzZS4=
Cg==JiM4MjExOyBVcmluYXJ5IGh5ZHJveHlwcm9saW5lLg==
[Qq]– Urinary deoxypyridinoline (the most reliable).
[q] The cytoplasmic processes of osteocytes send signals to and exchange nutrients and waste products with the osteocytes within neighboring lamellae via …..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEdhcCBqdW5jdGlvbnMu[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
New mother presenting with by pain and tenderness at radial styloid + passive or active stretching of the thumb reproduce the pain?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IERlIFF1ZXJ2YWluIHRlbm9zeW5vdml0aXMu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Young male runner who present with pain and tenderness in the lateral knee?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IElsaW90aWJpYWwgYmFuZCBzeW5kcm9tZS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Young male runner who present with diffuse pain and tenderness in the medial tibia?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE1lZGlhbCB0aWJpYWwgc3RyZXNzIHN5bmRyb21lLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Young female athlete who present with pain and tenderness in the anterior knee Exacerbated by prolonged sitting or weight-bearing on a flexed knee + reproduction of pain when the patella is compressed into the trochlear groove?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBhdGVsbG9mZW1vcmFsIHN5bmRyb21lLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
60 years old patient, obese presenting with disabling, sharp heel pain every time their foot strikes the ground + pain is worse in the mornings?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBsYW50YXIgZmFzY2lpdGlzLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
During the postnatal visit of 4 month age child placing the infant supine with each hip flexed to 90° followed by abduction with anterior lifting of the hip –> palpable clunk, adduction with posterior pressure on the hip –> palpable clunk + ultrasound showed dislocation of the femoral head from the acetabulum?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IERldmVsb3BtZW50YWwgZHlzcGxhc2lhIG9mIHRoZSBoaXAu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
6 years old child presenting with insidious onset of hip pain + limping + x-ray below shows a flattened and fragmented left femoral head?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IExlZ2ctQ2FsdmUtUGVydGhlcyBkaXNlYXNlIChMQ1ApIGlzIGEgc3luZHJvbWUgb2YgaWRpb3BhdGhpYyBvc3Rlb25lY3Jvc2lzIChhdmFzY3VsYXIgbmVjcm9zaXMpIG9mIHRoZSBmZW1vcmFsIGhlYWQu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Obese 12-year-old child with hip/knee pain + altered gait (limping) + x-ray shows the femoral head slips posteriorly and medially relative to the femoral neck (like a scoop of ice cream slipping off a cone)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFNsaXBwZWQgY2FwaXRhbCBmZW1vcmFsIGVwaXBoeXNpcy4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Young adolescents athlete presenting with pain and swelling at the tibial tuberosity + xray show avulsion of the tibial tuberosity?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9zZ29vZC1TY2hsYXR0ZXIgZGlzZWFzZSAodHJhY3Rpb24gYXBvcGh5c2l0aXMpLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
3 years old child presenting with pain and tenderness in the elbow after swinging the child by the arms during play by his parents + injured arm held close to the body with the elbow extended (or slightly flexed) and the forearm pronated?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJhZGlhbCBoZWFkIHN1Ymx1eGF0aW9uLiBUaGUgc3VkZGVuIGluY3JlYXNlIGluIGF4aWFsIHRyYWN0aW9uIG9uIHRoZSBwcm94aW1hbCByYWRpdXMgY2F1c2VzIHRoZSBhbm51bGFyIGxpZ2FtZW50IHRvIHRlYXIgZnJvbSBpdHMgcGVyaW9zdGVhbCBhdHRhY2htZW50IGF0IHRoZSByYWRpYWwgbmVjay4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
When evaluating child complaing of short stature, you found that he has disproportionate dwarfism although he has normal sized head and chest, normal IQ?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFjaG9uZHJvcGxhc2lhLiBEdWUgdG8gYW4gYWN0aXZhdGluZyBtdXRhdGlvbiBpbiBmaWJyb2JsYXN0IGdyb3d0aCBmYWN0b3IgcmVjZXB0b3IgMyAoRkdGUjMpOyBhdXRvc29tYWwgZG9taW5hbnQu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Postmenopausal female presenting with multiple nontraumatic vertebral fracture + acute back pain, loss of height, kyphosis + DEXA scan with T-score of ≤ −2.5 + serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are typically normal+ vertebrae shows trabecular thinning with fewer interconnections?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9zdGVvcG9yb3Npcy4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with bone fracture from minimal trauma + CBC shows pancytopenia + x-ray shows bone-in-bone (stone bone) appearance?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9zdGVvcGV0cm9zaXMgKG1hcmJsZSBib25lIGRpc2Vhc2UpLiBkZWZlY3RpdmUgb3N0ZW9jbGFzdHMgZHVlIHRvIGNhcmJvbmljIGFuaHlkcmFzZSBJSSBtdXRhdGlvbiBsZWFkcyB0byBsb3NzIG9mIHRoZSBhY2lkaWMgZW52aXJvbm1lbnQgcmVxdWlyZWQgZm9yIGJvbmUgcmVzb3JwdGlvbiAmIzgyMTE7Jmd0OyB0aGlja2VuZWQsIGRlbnNlIGJvbmVzIHRoYXQgYXJlIHByb25lIHRvIGZyYWN0dXJlLg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Child presenting with inward bending of the ribs with anterior protrusion of the sternum that looks like pigeon chest + genu varus + frontal bossing with soft skull + x-ray show epiphyseal widening and metaphyseal cupping/fraying + lab shows ↓ vitamin D, ↓ serum Ca2, ↑ PTH secretion, ↓ serum PO4, ↑ ALP?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJpY2tldHMuIERlZmVjdGl2ZSBtaW5lcmFsaXphdGlvbiBvZiBvc3Rlb2lkIG9yIGNhcnRpbGFnaW5vdXMgZ3Jvd3RoIHBsYXRlcyAocmlja2V0cywgb25seSBpbiBjaGlsZHJlbikuIE1vc3QgY29tbW9ubHkgZHVlIHRvIHZpdGFtaW4gRCBkZWZpY2llbmN5Lg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
65 years old patient presenting with bone pain + bowing of the legs + increased hat size + Hearing loss + Radiculopathy + enlarged vertebral bodies with cortical thickening + Isolated elevated alkaline phosphatase + bone biopsy shows a mosaic pattern of lamellar bone?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBhZ2V0IGRpc2Vhc2Ugb2YgYm9uZSAob3N0ZWl0aXMgZGVmb3JtYW5zKS4gQ29tbW9uLCBsb2NhbGl6ZWQgZGlzb3JkZXIgb2YgYm9uZSByZW1vZGVsaW5nIGNhdXNlZCBieSDihpEgb3N0ZW9jbGFzdGljIGFjdGl2aXR5ICh3b3JrcyBpbmRlcGVuZGVudGx5IHdpdGhvdXQgdGhlIHNpZ25hbHMgZnJvbSBvc3Rlb2JsYXN0KSBmb2xsb3dlZCBieSDihpEgb3N0ZW9ibGFzdGljIGFjdGl2aXR5IHRoYXQgZm9ybXMgcG9vci1xdWFsaXR5IGJvbmUu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Child presenting bone pain that doesn’t affect the range of motion of the joint with systemic signs of infection (fever and leukocytosis) + there is necrotic focus in the metaphysis of the affected bone?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9zdGVvbXllbGl0aXMu
Cg==VXN1YWxseSBvY2N1cnMgaW4gY2hpbGRyZW4uIEl0IHVzdWFsbHkgYWZmZWN0cyB0aGUgbWV0YXBoeXNpcw==IG9mIGxvbmcgYm9uZXMsIGFzIHRoaXMgcmVnaW9uIGNvbnRhaW5zIHNsb3ctZmxvd2luZywgc2ludXNvaWRhbCB2YXNjdWxhdHVyZSB0aGF0IGlzIGNvbmR1Y2l2ZSB0byBtaWNyb2JpYWwgcGFzc2FnZS4=
[Qq]Staphylococcus aureus: most common cause (90% of cases).
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
20 years old male patient presenting with bone pain (worse at night) that resolves with aspirin + xray shows radiolucent core surrounded by a rim of reactive bone in the cortex of the femur (< 2 cm)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEIuIE9zdGVvaWQgb3N0b21hLg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
20 years old male patient presenting with back pain that doesn’t resolves with aspirin + xray shows bone mass >2 cm in the vertebrae?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IMKgIE9zdGVvYmxhc3RvbWEu[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
20 years old male patient presenting with bony mass that appear as lateral projection in the metaphysis of the long bone formed of bone with an overlying cartilage cap?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9zdGVvY2hvbmRyb21hLg==
Cg==wqA=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
20 years old male patient presenting with bony mass that appear as Soap-bubble’ appearance on x-ray in the epiphysis of the long bone + biopsy shows neoplastic mononuclear cells that express RANKL and reactive multinucleated giant cells?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEdpYW50IGNlbGwgdHVtb3IgKE9zdGVvY2xhc3RvbWEpLg==
Cg==wqA=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
20 years old male patient presenting with pathologic fracture and bone pain with swelling + x-ray shows bony mass in the metaphysis of the lone bone, elevation of periosteum forming angle with the bone + periosteal reaction in the form of sunburst appearance + Biopsy reveals pleomorphic cells that produce osteoid?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9zdGVvc2FyY29tYSAob3N0ZW9nZW5pYyBzYXJjb21hKS4=
Cg==wqA=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
20 years old male patient presenting with bony mass in the diaphysis of the femur, periosteal reaction in the form of onion skin appearance, biopsy shows poorly differentiated small round blue cells that resembles lymphocytes with t (11,22)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEV3aW5nIHNhcmNvbWEu
Cg==wqA=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
55 years old female presenting with joint stiffness in the morning that lasts <30 minutes in the knee joint that worsens by the end of the day, improving with rest + x-ray shows loss of articular cartilage with bone-space narrowing + subchondral sclerosis and cysts with osteophyte formation + systemic symptoms?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IERlZ2VuZXJhdGl2ZSBqb2ludCBkaXNlYXNlIChvc3Rlb2FydGhyaXRpcykuIE1lY2hhbmljYWwgJiM4MjE2O3dlYXIgYW5kIHRlYXImIzgyMTc7IGRlc3Ryb3lzIGFydGljdWxhciBjYXJ0aWxhZ2UgKOKAnGRlZ2VuZXJhdGl2ZSBqb2ludCBkaXNlYXNl4oCdKS4=
Cg==wqA=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
55 years old female presenting with joint stiffness in the morning that lasts > 1 hour, improving with use in the knee joint, + x-ray shows loss of articular cartilage and osteopenia + positive blood tests (RF + Anti CCP antibodies)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJoZXVtYXRvaWQgYXJ0aHJpdGlzLiBBdXRvaW1tdW5lIGluZmxhbW1hdG9yeSBjeXRva2luZXMgYW5kIGNlbGxzIGluZHVjZSBwYW5udXMgKHByb2xpZmVyYXRpdmUgZ3JhbnVsYXRpb24gdGlzc3VlKSBmb3JtYXRpb24sIHdoaWNoIGVyb2RlcyBhcnRpY3VsYXIgY2FydGlsYWdlIGFuZCBib25lLg==
Cg==U21hbGwgam9pbnRzIG1vcmUgY29tbW9ubHkgYWZmZWN0ZWQ6IE1DUCwgUElQLCB3cmlzdDsgRElQIGlzIHVzdWFsbHkgc3BhcmVkLCB1bmxpa2Ugb3N0ZW9hcnRocml0aXMu[Qq]
[q] joint deformities associated with Rheumatoid arthritis are ….?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]
Cg==MS4gU3ltbWV0cmljIGludm9sdmVtZW50IG9mIFBJUCBqb2ludHMgb2YgdGhlIGZpbmdlcnMg4oaSIHN3YW4tbmVjayAoaHlwZXJleHRlbnNpb24gYXQgdGhlIHByb3hpbWFsIGludGVycGhhbGFuZ2VhbCBqb2ludHMgd2l0aCBmbGV4aW9uIGF0IHRoZSBkaXN0YWwgaW50ZXJwaGFsYW5nZWFsIGpvaW50cykgYW5kIGJvdXRvbm5pZXJlIGRlZm9ybWl0eS4=
Cg==Mi4gV3Jpc3RzIOKGkiB1bG5hciBkZXZpYXRpb24u
[Qq]3. Cervical spine subluxation is also common and may lead to severe disability due to pain and spinal instability, and potentially to radiculopathy and cord compression.
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient with history of psoriasis presenting with low back pain with inflamed digits that looks like sausage + x-ray shows DIP joint deformity that looks like pencil in cup?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBzb3JpYXRpYyBhcnRocml0aXMuIFN0cm9uZyBhc3NvY2lhdGlvbiB3aXRoIEhMQS1CMjcgKE1IQyBjbGFzcyBJIHNlcm90eXBlKS4=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
35 years old male presenting with low back and buttock pain with morning stiffness lasting > 30 minutes with decrease to spinal motility + inflammation and tenderness at the site of patellar and Achilles tendon insertion + x ray show fusion of the vertebrae and sacroiliitis?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==
Cg==[Qq]
[f]IEFua3lsb3Npbmcgc3BvbmR5bGl0aXMuIFN0cm9uZyBhc3NvY2lhdGlvbiB3aXRoIEhMQS1CMjcgKE1IQyBjbGFzcyBJIHNlcm90eXBlKS4=
Cg==UHVsbW9uYXJ5IGludm9sdmVtZW50IGNhbiBvY2N1ciBkdWUgdG8gZW50aGVzb3BhdGhpZXMgb2YgdGhlIGNvc3RvdmVydGVicmFsIGFuZCBjb3N0b3N0ZXJuYWwganVuY3Rpb25zLiBQYWluIGNhbiBsaW1pdCBjaGVzdCB3YWxsIGV4cGFuc2lvbiBsZWFkaW5nIHRvIA==aHlwb3ZlbnRpbGF0aW9uLiBDaGVzdCBleHBhbnNpb24gc2hvdWxkIGJlIG1vbml0b3JlZCByZWd1bGFybHkgaW4gcGF0aWVudHMgd2l0aCBhbmt5bG9zaW5nIHNwb25keWxpdGlzLg==
[Qq]Anterior uveitis develops in 20-30% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and presents with pain, blurred vision, photophobia and conjunctival erythema.
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with asymmetric oligoarthritis 2 weeks after campylobacter infection + urethritis + conjunctivitis + skin lesion that looks like pustular psoriasis?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJlYWN0aXZlIGFydGhyaXRpcy4gU3Ryb25nIGFzc29jaWF0aW9uIHdpdGggSExBLUIyNyAoTUhDIGNsYXNzIEkgc2Vyb3R5cGUpLg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
40 years old male presenting with multiple episodes of painful first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) joint of big toe after a large meal or alcohol consumption + arthrocentesis is done and showed needle shaped and ⊝ birefringent under polarized light (when the crystals are aligned parallel to the slow ray of the compensator, they appear yellow, and when aligned perpendicular, they are blue)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEdvdXQu
Cg==QWN1dGUgaW5mbGFtbWF0b3J5IG1vbm9hcnRocml0aXMgY2F1c2VkIGJ5IHByZWNpcGl0YXRpb24gb2YgbW9ub3NvZGl1bSB1cmF0ZSBjcnlzdGFscyBpbiBqb2ludHMg4oaSIHVwdGFrZSBvZiB1cmF0ZSBjcnlzdGFscyBieSBuZXV0cm9waGlscyBsZWFkcyB0byBmcmVlIHJhZGljYWwgcmVsZWFzZSwgY3l0b2tpbmUgcHJvZHVjdGlvbiB0cmlnZ2VyaW5nIGFuIGFjdXRlIGluZmxhbW1hdG9yeSByZWFjdGlvbi4=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
65 years old male presenting with hot, tender, swollen knee + arthrocentesis is done and showed the presence of rhomboid-shaped crystals positively birefringent under polarized light (blue when aligned parallel to the slow ray of the compensator and yellow when aligned perpendicularly) + x-ray shows – Chondrocalcinosis?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBzZXVkb2dvdXQu
Cg==wqA=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with hot, tender, swollen knee + arthrocentesis is done and showed purulent or cloudy synovial fluid, absent crystals and high synovial fluid leukocyte count (>100.000/mm3)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFNlcHRpYyBhcnRocml0aXMu
Cg==wqA=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Child presenting with bone pain at the lower leg with normal mobility of the joints + fever + leukocytosis + x-ray shows lytic focus in the metaphysis of the long bones?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9zdGVvbXllbGl0aXMu
Cg==U3RhcGh5bG9jb2NjdXMgYXVyZXVzOiBtb3N0IGNvbW1vbiBjYXVzZSAoOTAlIG9mIGNhc2VzKS4=
Cg==SW4gY2hpbGRyZW4sIEl0IHVzdWFsbHkgYWZmZWN0cyB0aGUg[Qq]metaphysis of long bones.
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Young age male presenting with bone pain (worse at night) that resolves with aspirin + x-ray shows bony mass < 2 cm that appears as radiolucent core surrounded by a rim of reactive bone in the cortical bone?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9zdGVvaWQgb3N0b21hLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Young age male presenting with bone pain that doesn’t resolves with aspirin + x-ray shows bony mass > 2 cm in the vertebrae?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9zdGVvYmxhc3RvbWEu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Young age male presenting with bone mass + x-ray shows lateral projection of the growth plate (metaphysis) + biopsy shows bone mass surrounded with cartilaginous cap?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9zdGVvY2hvbmRyb21hLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Young age male presenting with bone mass + x-ray shows soap-bubble’ appearance in the epiphysis of the tibia + bone biopsy shows neoplastic mononuclear cells that express RANKL and reactive multinucleated giant ?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEdpYW50IGNlbGwgdHVtb3IgKE9zdGVvY2xhc3RvbWEp
Cg==Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Young age male presenting with multiple pathologic bone fracture, bone pain and swelling + x-ray shows sunburst” periosteal reaction and Codman triangle in the metaphysis of the femur + bone Biopsy reveals pleomorphic cells that produce osteoid?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE9zdGVvc2FyY29tYSAob3N0ZW9nZW5pYyBzYXJjb21hKS4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Young age male presenting with multiple pathologic bone fracture, bone pain and swelling + x-ray shows “Onion skin” periosteal reaction in the diaphysis of the long bone + bone biopsy shows reveals small, round blue cells that resemble lymphocytes with t(22, 11)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEV3aW5nIHNhcmNvbWEu
Cg==Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
60 years old obese female presenting with joint stiffness of the knee joint in the morning that worsens by the end of the day, improving with rest + joint findings shows fissuring and flaking of articular cartilage, subchondral sclerosis and cysts, Osteophyte formation in the DIP and PIP joints of the fingers, Joint space narrowing, Synovial fluid WBC < 2000/mm3?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IERlZ2VuZXJhdGl2ZSBqb2ludCBkaXNlYXNlIChvc3Rlb2FydGhyaXRpcyku
Cg==Cg==[Qq]
[q] Osteophyte formation in the DIP is called …… and PIP is called …..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEhlYmVyZGVuIG5vZGVzLCBCb3VjaGFyZCBub2Rlcy4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
40 years old female presenting with Pain, swelling, and morning stiffness lasting > 1 hour in the hand with ulnar deviation, improving with use + joint findings include Joint space narrowing, loss of cartilage, Synovial fluid WBC > 2000/mm3 + blood test shows + RF and anti CCP antibody
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJoZXVtYXRvaWQgYXJ0aHJpdGlzLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] All patients with RA should be screened with a ….. before intubation or anesthesia is performed?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBsYWluIHgtcmF5IGZvciBDMS1DMiBzdWJsdXhhdGlvbg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
RA + Rheumatoid nodules + pneumoconiosis?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENhcGxhbiBzeW5kcm9tZS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
RA + Neutropenia + splenomegaly
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEZlbHR5IHN5bmRyb21lLg==[Qq]
[q] The major cause of articular cartilage damage in rheumatoid arthritis is ….., but in osteoarthritis the major cause is ……?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEluZmxhbW1hdG9yeSBwYW5udXMgZm9ybWF0aW9uLCB3ZWFyIGFuZCB0ZWFyIG1lY2hhbmljYWwgZGFtYWdlLg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
35 years old female with salmon colored patches covered with slivery scales presenting with back pain and inflamed digits that looks like sausage + x-ray shows pencil in cup deformity + blood test shows positive HLA-B27?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBzb3JpYXRpYyBhcnRocml0aXM=
Cg==Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Young age male presenting with with morning stiffness and back, buttock pain with limitations to the spinal mobility + x-ray shows fusion of the lumbar vertebrae and sacroiliitis + blood test shows positive HLA-B27?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFua3lsb3Npbmcgc3BvbmR5bGl0aXMu
Cg==Cg==[Qq]
[q] Enthesopathies of the costovertebral and costosternal junctions can limit chest wall expansion leading to hypoventilation. …… should be monitored regularly in patients with ankylosing spondylitis?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENoZXN0IGV4cGFuc2lvbiBzaG91bGQgYmUgbW9uaXRvcmVkIHJlZ3VsYXJseSBpbiBwYXRpZW50cyB3aXRoIGFua3lsb3Npbmcgc3BvbmR5bGl0aXMu[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
55 years old female presenting with dry eyes with corneal ulceration, dry mouth, recurrent dental carries with bilateral parotid enlargement + Biopsy of the labial salivary gland show periductal lymphocytic infiltrate (focal lymphocytic sialadenitis) + Blood test shows SS-A (anti-Ro) and/or SS-B (anti-La)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFNqb2dyZW4gc3luZHJvbWUuIENocm9uaWMgQiBjZWxsIHByb2xpZmVyYXRpb24gaW4gcGF0aWVudHMgd2l0aCBTUyBpbmNyZWFzZXMgdGhlIHJpc2sgb2YgZGV2ZWxvcGluZyBub24tSG9kZ2tpbiBseW1waG9tYS4=
Cg==wqA=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
55 years old female presenting with butterfly rash and joint pain + Blood test shows pancytopenia, Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), Anti-dsDNA antibodies, decreased C2 and C4 + Renal function test shows elevated BUN and creatinine
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFN5c3RlbWljIGx1cHVzIGVyeXRoZW1hdG9zdXMu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] The most common cause of death in SLE is ……?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJlbmFsIGRpc2Vhc2Uu[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
40 years old female presenting with recurrent spontaneous abortion (repeated second or third trimester miscarriages) along with laboratory findings of positive lupus anticoagulant?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFudGlwaG9zcGhvbGlwaWQgc3luZHJvbWUu
Cg==wqA=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
12 years old chlid presenting with arthritis involving more than 2 joints + Salmon-pink macular rash + Daily spiking fevers?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFN5c3RlbWljIGp1dmVuaWxlIGlkaW9wYXRoaWMgYXJ0aHJpdGlzLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
40 years old female can’t comb her hair or climb a stair + Blood test is positive for anti-Jo-1 antibodies + muscle biopsy shows Endomysial inflammation (CD8 T cells) with necrotic muscle fibers is seen on muscle biopsy?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBvbHlteW9zaXRpcy4gQm90aCBkZXJtYXRvbXlvc2l0aXMgYW5kIHBvbHlteW9zaXRpcyBtYXkgb2NjdXIgYWxvbmUgb3IgYXMgYSBwYXJhbmVvcGxhc3RpYyBzeW5kcm9tZSBhc3NvY2lhdGVkIHdpdGggYW4gdW5kZXJseWluZyBhZGVub2NhcmNpbm9tYSAob3ZhcnksIGx1bmcsIHBhbmNyZWFzKS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
40 years old female can’t comb her hair or climb a stair + Rash of the upper eyelids + Red papules on the elbows, knuckles, and knees + Blood test is positive for anti-Jo-1 antibodies + muscle biopsy shows Perimysial inflammation (CD4 T cells) with perifascicular atrophy on biopsy?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IERlcm1hdG9teW9zaXRpcy4gQm90aCBkZXJtYXRvbXlvc2l0aXMgYW5kIHBvbHlteW9zaXRpcyBtYXkgb2NjdXIgYWxvbmUgb3IgYXMgYSBwYXJhbmVvcGxhc3RpYyBzeW5kcm9tZSBhc3NvY2lhdGVkIHdpdGggYW4gdW5kZXJseWluZyBhZGVub2NhcmNpbm9tYSAob3ZhcnksIGx1bmcsIHBhbmNyZWFzKS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
55 years old female presenting with Pain and stiffness in shoulders and hips without muscular weakness, fever + Lab Findings shows ↑ ESR, ↑ CRP, normal CK + symptoms show Rapid response to low-dose corticosteroids?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBvbHlteWFsZ2lhIFJoZXVtYXRpY2Eu
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Young aged female presenting with chronic musculoskeletal pain and tenderness with trigger points of focal tenderness at the trapezius, medial fat pad of the knee, and lateral epicondyle for > 3 months + Impaired attention and concentration + history of depression + All lab tests are normal?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEZpYnJvbXlhbGdpYS4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
40 years old female presenting with fluctuating, fatigable muscle weakness that worsens with repetitive motions of the same muscle groups and improves with rest + double vision and difficulty chewing + dysphonia + Electromyography shows decreased strength with repetitive stimulation + x-ray shows thymic hyperplasia?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE15YXN0aGVuaWEgZ3JhdmlzLiBBdXRvYW50aWJvZGllcyBhZ2FpbnN0IHRoZSBwb3N0c3luYXB0aWMgbmljb3RpbmljIGFjZXR5bGNob2xpbmUgcmVjZXB0b3IgYXQgdGhlIG5ldXJvbXVzY3VsYXIganVuY3Rpb24gKHR5cGUgSUkgaHlwZXJzZW5zaXRpdml0eSByZWFjdGlvbikgd2l0aCBldmVudHVhbCBkZXN0cnVjdGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgcmVjZXB0b3JzLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
40 years old female with history of Myasthenia Gravis presenting with muscle weakness and severe respiratory distress with low oxygen saturation in room air + she didn’t take her medication for one week + Improvement with Edrophonium test: Infusion of the short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor edrophonium (Tensilon test) increases neuromuscular transmission and provides temporary improvement in symptoms?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE15YXN0aGVuaWMgY3Jpc2lzLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient with history of small cell lung cancer Proximal muscle weakness that improves with use + Anticholinesterase agents do not improve symptoms (Negative tensilon test)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IExhbWJlcnQtRWF0b24gc3luZHJvbWUuIEFudGlib2RpZXMgYWdhaW5zdCBwcmVzeW5hcHRpYyBjYWxjaXVtIGNoYW5uZWxzIG9mIHRoZSBuZXVyb211c2N1bGFyIGp1bmN0aW9uIO+DoCBMZWFkcyB0byBpbXBhaXJlZCBhY2V0eWxjaG9saW5lIHJlbGVhc2UgKEZpcmluZyBvZiBwcmVzeW5hcHRpYyBjYWxjaXVtIGNoYW5uZWxzIGlzIHJlcXVpcmVkIGZvciBhY2V0eWxjaG9saW5lIHJlbGVhc2UpLg==
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
43 years old female presenting with thickening of the skin of the hands and feet, subcutaneous calcium deposits, heartburn and dysphagia + Color change of fingers from white to blue to red after exposure to cold temperature + lab test is positive for Anti-centromere antibodies?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENSRVNUIHN5bmRyb21lLg==
Cg==wqA=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
34 years old male presenting with Pruritic, erythematous, oozing rash with crusted lesions and Intense pruritus in antecubital fossa with chronic course marked by exacerbations and remissions + skin biopsy shows epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in the intercellular spaces (spongiosis)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEF0b3BpYyAoZWN6ZW1hdG91cykgZGVybWF0aXRpcy4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
34 years old male presenting with Pruritic, erythematous, oozing rash with crusted lesions in his hand after wearing his new nickel watch + skin biopsy shows epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in the intercellular spaces (spongiosis)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENvbnRhY3QgZGVybWF0aXRpcy4=
Cg==[Qq]
[q] …… pathogenesis is related to chronic inflammation of hair follicles and associated sebaceous glands.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFjbmUgdnVsZ2FyaXMu
Cg==wqA=
Cg==JiM4MjExOyBIb3Jtb25lLWFzc29jaWF0ZWQgaW5jcmVhc2UgaW4gc2VidW0gcHJvZHVjdGlvbiAoc2ViYWNlb3VzIGdsYW5kcyBoYXZlIGFuZHJvZ2VuIHJlY2VwdG9ycykgYW5kIGV4Y2VzcyBrZXJhdGluIHByb2R1Y3Rpb24gYmxvY2sgZm9sbGljbGVzIOKGkiBmb3JtaW5nIGNvbWVkb25lcy4=
[Qq]– Follicles clogged with sebum provide an anaerobic, lipid-rich environment for the proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, an anaerobic diphtheroid that is part of normal skin flora.
– Propionibacterium acnes infection produces lipases that break down sebum, releasing proinflammatory fatty acids → results in pustule or nodule formation.
[q] A negative pregnancy test (urine or serum) is required prior to prescribing …… to a female with acne vulgaris?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IElzb3RyZXRpbm9pbiAoVml0YW1pbiBBIGRlcml2YXRpdmVzKS4=
Cg==Vml0YW1pbiBBIGRlcml2YXRpdmVzIGFyZSBjb250cmFpbmRpY2F0ZWQgaW4gcHJlZ25hbmN5LiBBIG5lZ2F0aXZlIHByZWduYW5jeSB0ZXN0ICh1cmluZSBvciBzZXJ1bSkgaXMgcmVxdWlyZWQgcHJpb3IgdG8gcHJlc2NyaWJpbmcsIGFuZCBhYnN0aW5lbmNlL2NvbnRyYWNlcHRpb24gaXMgcmVjb21tZW5kZWQuIFNleHVhbGx5IGFjdGl2ZSB3b21lbiBzaG91bGQgYmUgYWR2aXNlZCB0byB1c2UgMiBmb3JtcyBvZiBjb250cmFjZXB0aW9uIGFuZCB0YWtlIG1vbnRobHkgcHJlZ25hbmN5IHRlc3RzLg==
Cg==wqA=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
25 years old female presenting with facial erythematous papules and pustules, but no comedones, associated with facial flushing in response to external stimuli (alcohol, heat)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJvc2FjZWEu
Cg==wqA=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
30 years old female presenting with Well-circumscribed, salmon-colored plaques covered with a loosely adherent, silvery scale?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBzb3JpYXNpcy4=
Cg==wqA=[Qq]
[q] ……… and …… are important association of psoriasis with increased risk in human leukocyte antigen B27-positive?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBzb3JpYXNpcyBpcyBhc3NvY2lhdGVkIHdpdGggbmFpbCBwaXR0aW5nIChZZWxsb3ctYnJvd24gZGlzY29sb3JhdGlvbiwgcGl0dGluZywgdGhpY2tlbmluZywgb3IgY3J1bWJsaW5nKSBhbmQgcHNvcmlhdGljIGFydGhyaXRpcw==LiBUaGUgcmlzayBpcyBpbmNyZWFzZWQgaW4gcGF0aWVudHMgd2hvIGFyZSBodW1hbiBsZXVrb2N5dGUgYW50aWdlbiBCMjctcG9zaXRpdmUu
[Qq][q] Histologic changes associated with psoriasis are ………?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEhpc3RvbG9neSBzaG93czo=
JiM4MjExOyBBY2FudGhvc2lzIChlcGlkZXJtYWwgaHlwZXJwbGFzaWEpLg==
Cg==wqA=
Cg==[Qq]– Hyperkeratosis (↑ thickness of stratum corneum).
– Parakeratosis (retention of keratinocyte nuclei in the stratum corneum).
– ↑ Stratum spinosum and corneum↓ stratum granulosum (reduced or absent stratum granulosum).
– Collections of neutrophils in the stratum corneum (Munro microabscesses).
– Elongation of the dermal papillae with thinning of the epidermis above elongated dermal papillae, a finding responsible for the pinpoint bleeding evident when the scale is removed from the plaque (Auspitz sign).
[q] First-line treatment options for localized psoriasis include …….. and ………..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IHRvcGljYWwgY29ydGljb3N0ZXJvaWRzIChkaWZsb3Jhc29uZSksIHZpdGFtaW4gRCBhbmFsb2dzIChjYWxjaXBvdHJpZW5lLCBjYWxjaXRyaW9sKS4=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
40 years old male with history of hepatitis C presenting with Pruritic, Purple, Polygonal Planar Papules and Plaques + Histology shows Sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction and hypergranulosis?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IExpY2hlbiBwbGFudXMu[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
25 years old male presenting with painful flaccid bullae and erosions affecting the skin and mucosal membranes, – Thin-walled bullae rupture easily upon manual stroking of skin, leading to shallow erosions with dried crust, The bullae spread laterally when pressure is applied on top + histology shows: Acantholysis (separation) of stratum spinosum keratinocytes (normally connected by desmosomes) results in suprabasal blisters. Basal layer cells remain attached to basement membrane via hemidesmosomes (tombstone’ appearance) + Immunofluorescence highlights IgG surrounding keratinocytes in a “fish net pattern”?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBlbXBoaWd1cyB2YWxnYXJpcy4gQXV0b2ltbXVuZSBidWxsb3VzIGRpc2Vhc2UgY2hhcmFjdGVyaXplZCBieSBhdXRvYW50aWJvZGllcyBkaXJlY3RlZCBhZ2FpbnN0IGRlc21vZ2xlaW4gKGNvbXBvbmVudCBvZiBkZXNtb3NvbWVzLCB3aGljaCBjb25uZWN0IGtlcmF0aW5vY3l0ZXMgaW4gdGhlIHN0cmF0dW0gc3Bpbm9zdW0pLsKg
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
25 years old male presenting with Tense bullae of the skin do not rupture easily (oral mucosa is spared) + ⊝ Nikolsky sign + – Immunofluorescence highlights IgG along basement membrane (linear pattern)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJ1bGxvdXMgcGVtcGhpZ29pZC4gQnVsbG91cyBwZW1waGlnb2lkIGlzIGNoYXJhY3Rlcml6ZWQgYnkgYXV0b2FudGlib2RpZXMgKElnRykgdG8gdGhlIGhlbWlkZXNtb3NvbWVzIGFsb25nIHRoZSBiYXNlbWVudCBtZW1icmFuZSBvZiB0aGUgZGVybWFsLWVwaWRlcm1hbCBqdW5jdGlvbi4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
27 years old patient with history of celiac disease presenting with erythematous pruritic papules, vesicles, and bullae that appear bilaterally and symmetrically on the elbows + Histologicallythere is microabscesses containing fibrin and neutrophils at the dermal papillae tips.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IERlcm1hdGl0aXMgaGVycGF0aWZvcm1pcy4=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
22 years old male patient with history of HSV presenting with multiple types of lesions: macules, papules, vesicles, target lesions?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEVyeXRoZW1hIG11bHRpZm9ybWUuIFBhdGhvZ2VuLXNwZWNpZmljIGN5dG90b3hpYyBULWNlbGxzIHRoZW4gcmVjb2duaXplIGZvcmVpZ24gYW50aWdlbnMgcHJvZHVjZWQgYnkga2VyYXRpbm9jeXRlcyBhbmQgaW5pdGlhdGUgYW4gaW5mbGFtbWF0b3J5IGNhc2NhZGUgdGhhdCByZXN1bHRzIGluIGVwaXRoZWxpYWwgZGFtYWdlLg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with fever, bullae formation and necrosis, sloughing of skin at dermal-epidermal junction including the mucus membranes of the moth and eyes?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFN0ZXZlbnMtSm9obnNvbiBzeW5kcm9tZS4=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
22 years old female presenting with flat, well-circumscribed macules and patches of absent pigment, varying in size from a few to several centimeters + Histologic examination of the epidermis demonstrates a loss of melanocytes and a complete absence of melanin pigment?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFZpdGlsaWdvLsKg
Cg==Vml0aWxpZ28gaXMgYSByZWxhdGl2ZWx5IGNvbW1vbiBjb25kaXRpb24gY2hhcmFjdGVyaXplZCBieSB0aGUgcGFydGlhbCBvciBjb21wbGV0ZSBsb3NzIG9mIGVwaWRlcm1hbCBtZWxhbm9jeXRlcyBkdWUgdG8gYXV0b2ltbXVuZSBkZXN0cnVjdGlvbiBvZiBtZWxhbm9jeXRlcy4=
Cg==SXQgY2FuIG9jY3VyIGFzIGFuIGlzb2xhdGVkIGRpc29yZGVyIGJ1dCBpcyBvZnRlbiBhc3NvY2lhdGVkIHdpdGggb3RoZXIgYXV0b2ltbXVuZSBjb25kaXRpb25zIChhdXRvaW1tdW5lIHRoeXJvaWQgZGlzZWFzZSwgcmhldW1hdG9pZCBhcnRocml0aXMsIHBlcm5pY2lvdXMgYW5lbWlhLCBwcmltYXJ5IGFkcmVuYWwgaW5zdWZmaWNpZW5jeSku[Qq]
[q] ……. has normal melanocyte number with ↓ melanin production due to ↓ tyrosinase activity or defective tyrosine transport?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFsYmluaXNtLiBJdCBoYXMgaW5jcmVhc2VkIHJpc2sgb2Ygc3F1YW1vdXMgY2VsbCBjYXJjaW5vbWEsIGJhc2FsIGNlbGwgY2FyY2lub21hLCBhbmQgbWVsYW5vbWEgZHVlIHRvIHJlZHVjZWQgcHJvdGVjdGlvbiBhZ2FpbnN0IFVWQi4=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……. presents with small, tan to brown macule due to increased number of melanosomes (melanocytes are not increased).; darkens when exposed to sunligh?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEZyZWNrbGUgKGVwaGVsaXMpLsKg
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ….. is Small (5-10 mm), oval, tan-brown macule or patch resulting from benign melanocyte hyperplasia → linear melanocytic hyperplasia producing hyperpigmented basal cell layer. Do not darken with sunlight?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IGxlbnRpZ28u[Qq]
[q] ….. is a mask-like hyperpigmentation of the cheeks. Associated with pregnancy and oral contraceptives. Exacerbated by sun exposure?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE1lbGFzbWEgKENobG9hc21hKS4=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
18 years old patient presenting with flat, black- to brown-pigmented macules with darker coloration in the center than the periphery and preserved skin markings + Histology shows aggregates of nevus cells limited to the dermoepidermal junction?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEp1bmN0aW9uYWwgbmV2dXMu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
30 years old patient presenting with raised papules with uniform brown to tan pigmentation + Histology shows aggregates of nevus cells extend into the dermis (has both dermal and epidermal involvement)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENvbXBvdW5kIG5ldnVzLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
50 years old patient presenting with skin- to tan-colored, dome-shaped, and sometimes pedunculated + Histology shows aggregates of nevus cells in the dermis & the epidermal nests of nevus cells have been lost?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEludHJhZGVybWFsIG5ldnVzLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
50 years old patient presenting with 7 mm skin lesion with variable brown, tan, black discoloration, irregular edges and increase in size with time + skin biopsy is S-100 tumor marker +.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE1lbGFub21hLg==[Qq]
[q] ………. is a protein kinase involved in activation of signaling pathways for melanocyte proliferation, and the BRAF V600E mutation is seen in 40-60% of patients with melanoma?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJSQUYu[Qq]
[q] ……… is the most important prognostic factor in predicting melanoma metastasis?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]ICYjODIxMTsgVmVydGljYWwgZ3Jvd3RoIGludG8gdGhlIGRlZXAgZGVybWlzLiBEZXB0aCBvZiBleHRlbnNpb24gKEJyZXNsb3cgdGhpY2tuZXNzKSBpcyB0aGUgbW9zdCBpbXBvcnRhbnQgcHJvZ25vc3RpYyBmYWN0b3IgaW4gcHJlZGljdGluZyBtZXRhc3Rhc2lzLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ……….. is a superficial bacterial infection of the skin largely limited to the epidermis and not spreading below the dermal-epidermal junction. Most often due to S. aureus or S. pyogenes. Commonly affects children. Presents as erythematous macules that progress to pustules, usually on the face; rupture of pustules results in erosions and dry, crusted, honey-colored serum.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEltcGV0aWdvLg==[Qq]
[q] …… is infection involving upper dermis and superficial lymphatics, usually from S. pyogenes. Presents with well-defined, raised demarcation between infected and normal skin.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEVyeXNpcGVsYXMu[Qq]
[q] …… is a Deeper (dermal and subcutaneous) infection, usually due to S. aureus or S. pyogenes. Presents as a red, tender, swollen rash with fever.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENlbGx1bGl0aXMu[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Newborn presenting with fever + Generalized erythematous rash With sloughing of the upper layers of the epidermis that heals completely + ⊕ Nikolsky sign (separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin).
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFN0YXBoeWxvY29jY2FsIHNjYWxkZWQgc2tpbiBzeW5kcm9tZS4gRXhvdG94aW4gKGV4Zm9saWF0aXZlIHRveGluIEEpIGRlc3Ryb3lzIGtlcmF0aW5vY3l0ZSBhdHRhY2htZW50cyBpbiBzdHJhdHVtIGdyYW51bG9zdW0u
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] …… is a Flesh-colored papules with a rough surface due to HPV infection of keratinocytes; characterized by koilocytic change.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFZlcnJ1Y2EgKHdhcnQpLg==[Qq]
[q] …… is a Firm, pink, umbilicated papules due to poxvirus; affected keratinocytes show cytoplasmic inclusions. Most often arise in children; also occur in sexually active adults and immunocompromised individuals.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE1vbGx1c2N1bSBjb250YWdpb3N1bS4=[Qq]
[q] …… is a rare blood vessel malignancy in the breast and associated with chronic postmastectomy lymphedema.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFuZ2lvc2FyY29tYS4=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
AIDS patient with low CD4 count presenting with red-purple papules in the facial skin. Skin biopsy shows neutrophilic infiltrate.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJhY2lsbGFyeSBhbmdpb21hdG9zaXMgZHVlIHRvIEJhcnRvbmVsbGEgaGVuc2VsYWUgaW5mZWN0aW9uLg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
AIDS patient with low CD4 count presenting with red purple skin lesion. Skin biopsy shows lymphocytic infiltrate.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEthcG9zaSBzYXJjb21hLg==[Qq]
[q] …….. is a Benign capillary hemangioma of the elderly. Does not regress. Frequency ↑ with age.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENoZXJyeSBoZW1hbmdpb21hLg==[Qq]
[q] ….. is a Benign capillary hemangioma of infancy. Appears in first few weeks of life (1/200 births); grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by 5–8 years old.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFN0cmF3YmVycnkgaGVtYW5naW9tYS7CoA==[Qq]
[q] ……. is a Benign, painful, red-blue tumor, commonly under fingernails. Arises from modified smooth muscle cells of the thermoregulatory glomus body.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEdsb211cyB0dW1vci4=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient with recurrent history of neurologic deficits and seizures. Brain CT is shown below:
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENhdmVybm91cyBoZW1hbmdpb21hcyBhcmUgdmFzY3VsYXIgbWFsZm9ybWF0aW9ucyB0aGF0IGZyZXF1ZW50bHkgaW52b2x2ZSB0aGUgZGVlcGVyIHRpc3N1ZXMgb2YgdGhlIGJvZHksIHN1Y2ggYXMgdGhlIGxpdmVyIGFuZCBicmFpbi4gSGlzdG9sb2dpY2FsbHksIHRoZXkgYXJlIGNvbXBvc2VkIG9mIGFibm9ybWFsLCBkaWxhdGVkIGJsb29kIHZlc3NlbHMgd2l0aCBhIHRoaW4gYWR2ZW50aXRpYSBsYWNraW5nIGVsYXN0aWMgZmliZXJzIGFuZCBzbW9vdGggbXVzY2xlLiBUaGUgcmVkdWNlZCBzdHJ1Y3R1cmFsIHN1cHBvcnQgZ2l2ZXMgdGhlbSBhIHRlbmRlbmN5IHRvIGxlYWssIGNhdXNpbmcgcmVjdXJyZW50IGNlcmVicmFsIGhlbW9ycmhhZ2Uu[Qq]
[q] Local cutaneous adverse effects of chronic topical corticosteroid administration include ……?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IGF0cm9waHkvdGhpbm5pbmcgb2YgdGhlIGRlcm1pcy4=[Qq]
[q] ……. is epidermal hyperplasia causing symmetric, hyperpigmented thickening of skin, especially in axilla or on neck. Associated with insulin resistance (non-insulin-dependent diabetes), visceral malignancy (gastric adenocarcinoma)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFjYW50aG9zaXMgbmlncmljYW5zLg==[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
40 years old male presenting with Small, rough, erythematous or brownish papules or plaques on his face. They are often felt more than seen and have a rough, sandpaper-like texture on sun exposed area. On light microscopy, skin biopsy show hyperkeratosis (hyperplasia of the stratum corneum), parakeratosis (retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum), and atypical keratinocytes with pleomorphic nuclei and multiple mitoses (confined to the epidermis)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFjdGluaWMga2VyYXRvc2lzLiBBS3MgZG8gbm90IGludmFkZSB0aGUgZGVybWlzIGFuZCBhcmUgY29uc2lkZXJlZCB0byBiZSBwcmVtYWxpZ25hbnQgbGVzaW9ucy4gT3ZlciBzZXZlcmFsIHllYXJzLCBhIHNtYWxsIHBlcmNlbnRhZ2Ugb2YgQUtzIHRyYW5zZm9ybSBpbnRvIGludmFzaXZlIHNxdWFtb3VzIGNlbGwgY2FyY2lub21hIChTQ0MpLCBhIGNoYW5nZSByZWZsZWN0ZWQgYnkgYW4gaW5jcmVhc2UgaW4gbGVzaW9uIHNpemUgYW5kIHRoaWNrbmVzcywgZGVybWFsIGludmFzaW9uLCBhbmQgbWV0YXN0YXRpYyBwb3RlbnRpYWwu[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Painful, raised inflammatory lesions of subcutaneous fat on anterior shins in patient with ulcerative colitis?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEVyeXRoZW1hIG5vZG9zdW0u[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with intensely pruritic, raised erythematous plaques that arise suddenly after using penicillin drug?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFVydGljYXJpYSAoaGl2ZXMpLiBVcnRpY2FyaWEgaXMgZHVlIHRvIGluY3JlYXNlZCBwZXJtZWFiaWxpdHkgb2YgdGhlIG1pY3JvdmFzY3VsYXR1cmUsIGxlYWRpbmcgdG8gc3VwZXJmaWNpYWwgZGVybWFsIGVkZW1hIGFuZCBseW1waGF0aWMgY2hhbm5lbCBkaWxhdGlvbi4gVGhlIG92ZXJseWluZyBlcGlkZXJtaXMgdHlwaWNhbGx5IGFwcGVhcnMgbm9ybWFsLiBJbnZvbHZlbWVudCBvZiB0aGUgZGVlcCBkZXJtaXMgYW5kIHN1YmN1dGFuZW91cyB0aXNzdWUgaXMgdGVybWVkIGFuZ2lvZWRlbWEu[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with scaly erythematous rash in a “Christmas tree” distribution on trunk that started 2 days ago as a single patch (herald patch).
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBpdHlyaWFzaXMgcm9zZWEu[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with firm, hyperpigmented papules and pustules that are painful and pruritic on his cheek related to shaving?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFBzZXVkb2ZvbGxpY3VsaXRpcyBiYXJiYWUu
Cg==Jm5ic3A7
Cg==[Qq]
[q] Androgenetic alopecia shows polygenic inheritance, with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) being the primary pathogenic factor. ……… decrease the conversion of testosterone to DHT and are effective for treating the condition?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IDUtzrEtcmVkdWN0YXNlIGluaGliaXRvcnMgKGZpbmFzdGVyaWRlKS4=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with skin lesions that has a coinlike, waxy, ‘stuck-on’ appearance. Skin biopsy shows Flat, greasy, pigmented squamous epithelial proliferation of immature keratinocytes with keratin filled cysts (horn cysts).
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFNlYm9ycmhlaWMga2VyYXRvc2lzLg==[Qq]
[q] Leser-Trelat sign is the sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses and suggests ………?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IHVuZGVybHlpbmcgY2FyY2lub21hIG9mIHRoZSBHSSB0cmFjdC4=[Qq]
[q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with elevated nodule with a central, ulcerated crater surrounded by dilated (telangiectatic) vessels in the upper lip + biopsy shows nodules of basal cells with peripheral palisading.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJhc2FsIGNlbGwgY2FyY2lub21hLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] “What is the most likely diagnosis?”
Patient presenting with an ulcerated, nodular mass, usually on the face. Skin biopsy shows keratin pearls.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFNxdWFtb3VzIGNlbGwgY2FyY2lub21hLg==
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] …….. irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) by covalent acetylation –> ↓ synthesis of TXA2 and prostaglandins?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFzcGlyaW4u[Qq]
[q] why we use NaHco3 in cases of aspirin overdose?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFsa2FsaW5pemF0aW9uIChOYUhDTzMpIG9mIHVyaW5lIGZhY2lsaXRhdGUgc2FsaWN5bGF0ZSByZW5hbCBlbGltaW5hdGlvbi4=[Qq]
[q] ….. reversibly inhibit cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2)?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE5TQUlEcyAoSWJ1cHJvZmVuLCBuYXByb3hlbiwgaW5kb21ldGhhY2luLCBrZXRvcm9sYWMsIGRpY2xvZmVuYWMsIG1lbG94aWNhbSwgcGlyb3hpY2FtKS4=[Qq]
[q] …….. reversibly inhibits specifically the cyclooxygenase (COX) isoform 2, which is found in inflammatory cells and vascular endothelium and mediates inflammation and pain?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENlbGVjb3hpYi4=[Qq]
[q] Some selective COX 2 inhibitors have been associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events, which may be related to decreased production of ……..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IHByb3N0YWN5Y2xpbiAoUEdJMikuIFRoZSBDT1ggMiBlbnp5bWUgaXMgYWxzbyBleHByZXNzZWQgaW4gdmFzY3VsYXIgZW5kb3RoZWxpYWwgY2VsbHMgYW5kIHZhc2N1bGFyIHNtb290aCBtdXNjbGUgY2VsbHMsIGFuZCBtYXkgcGxheSBhIHJvbGUgaW4gdGhlIGxvY2FsIHByb2R1Y3Rpb24gb2YgcHJvc3RhY3ljbGluIChQR0kyKSwgYSBzdWJzdGFuY2UgdGhhdCBwcm9tb3RlcyBhbnRpY29hZ3VsYXRpb24gYW5kIHZhc2N1bGFyIGRpbGF0YXRpb24uwqA=
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ….. reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase, mostly in CNS. Inactivated peripherally?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFjZXRhbWlub3BoZW4u[Qq]
[q] Why acetaminophen toxicity produces hepatic necrosis?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]ICYjODIxMTsgT3ZlcmRvc2UgcHJvZHVjZXMgaGVwYXRpYyBuZWNyb3NpczsgYWNldGFtaW5vcGhlbiBtZXRhYm9saXRlIChOQVBRSSkgZGVwbGV0ZXMgZ2x1dGF0aGlvbmUgYW5kIGZvcm1zIHRveGljIHRpc3N1ZSBieXByb2R1Y3RzIGluIGxpdmVyLsKg
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] Antidote of acetaminophen toxicity is …..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE4tYWNldHlsY3lzdGVpbmUgaXMgYW50aWRvdGUg4oaSIHJlZ2VuZXJhdGVzIGdsdXRhdGhpb25lLg==[Qq]
[q] …… reversibly inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, preventing pyrimidine synthesis. its one of the disease-modifying agents used in treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IExlZmx1bm9taWRlLg==[Qq]
[q] All patients being considered for TNF- inhibitor therapy should have ……..?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJhc2VsaW5lIFBQRCBza2luIHRlc3QgdG8gc2NyZWVuIGZvciBsYXRlbnQgdHViZXJjdWxvc2lzLiBBbGwgVE5GLc6xIGluaGliaXRvcnMgcHJlZGlzcG9zZSB0byBpbmZlY3Rpb24sIGluY2x1ZGluZyByZWFjdGl2YXRpb24gb2YgbGF0ZW50IFRCLCBzaW5jZSBUTkYgaXMgaW1wb3J0YW50IGluIGdyYW51bG9tYSBmb3JtYXRpb24gYW5kIHN0YWJpbGl6YXRpb24u[Qq]
[q] ……. is a fusion protein (receptor for TNF-α + IgG1 Fc), produced by recombinant DNA which acts as a TNF decoy receptor?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEV0YW5lcmNlcHQu[Qq]
[q] ……… is anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEluZmxpeGltYWIsIGFkYWxpbXVtYWIu
Cg==Cg==[Qq][q] ………… is a Pyrophosphate analogs; bind hydroxyapatite in bone, inhibiting osteoclast activity. Used for treatment of – Osteoporosis.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEJpc3Bob3NwaG9uYXRlcy4=[Qq]
[q] Side effects of Bisphosphonates are …….?
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IDEuIEVzb3BoYWdpdGlzIChpZiB0YWtlbiBvcmFsbHksIHBhdGllbnRzIGFyZSBhZHZpc2VkIHRvIHRha2UgaXQgb24gYW4gZW1wdHkgc3RvbWFjaCBkdWUgdG8gcG9vciBnYXN0cm9pbnRlc3RpbmFsIGFic29ycHRpb24gYW5kIHdpdGggd2F0ZXIgYW5kIHJlbWFpbiB1cHJpZ2h0IGZvciAzMCBtaW51dGVzIHRvIHByZXZlbnQgcmVmbHV4IGJlY2F1c2UgdGhlc2UgYWdlbnRzIGFyZSBjYXVzdGljIHRvIHRoZSBlc29waGFndXMpLg==
Cg==Mi4gT3N0ZW9uZWNyb3NpcyBvZiBqYXcu
Cg==My4gQXR5cGljYWwgc3RyZXNzIGZyYWN0dXJlcy7CoA==[Qq]
[q] …….. is a recombinant PTH analog. Used for treatment of – Osteoporosis. ↑ risk of osteosarcoma.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFRlcmlwYXJhdGlkZS4=[Qq]
[q] ……… are the first-line therapy for treatment of acute gouty arthritis.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IE5TQUlEcy4=[Qq]
[q] ….. is considered as second-line therapy for treatment of acute gouty arthritis due to its side effects of nausea and diarrhea.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENvbGNoaWNpbmUu[Qq]
[q] ….. are indicated for treatment of acute gouty arthritis in patients with a contraindication to both NSAIDs and colchicine, such as patients with renal failure.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEdsdWNvY29ydGljb2lkcy4=[Qq]
[q] ……… Binds and stabilizes tubulin to inhibit microtubule polymerization → disrupts cytoskeletal-dependent functions such as chemotaxis and phagocytosis.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IENvbGNoaWNpbmUu[Qq]
[q] …… is the best long-term treatment choice for chronic tophaceous gout regardless of the urinary excretion of uric acid.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFsbG9wdXJpbm9sLg==[Qq]
[q] …… is a Competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (↓ conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine to urate).
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IEFsbG9wdXJpbm9sLCBGZWJ1eG9zdGF0Lg==[Qq]
[q] …… is a recombinant uricase that catalyzes metabolism of uric acid to allantoin. Used for Prevention and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome.
[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]
[f]IFJhc2J1cmljYXNlLg==[Qq]
[x]
[restart] [/qwiz]