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[h] Neurology System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

35 years old patient presenting with coma after automobile accident followed by death, postmortem brain biopsy shows minute punctate hemorrhages with blurring of grey white interface with immunohistochemical staining of amyloid precursor, alpha-synuclein within axonal swellings at the point of injury?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IERpZmZ1c2UgYXhvbmFsIGluanVyeS4=

[q] Neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes (paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration) that happens with some types of cancers are due to ………………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGF1dG9pbW11bmUgcGhlbm9tZW5vbi4=[Qq]

[q] The cells most vulnerable to ischemia due to global cerebral ischemia are ………….., ……………., …………….., and …………….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHRoZSBoaXBwb2NhbXB1cywgbmVvY29ydGV4LCBwdXJraW5qZSBjZWxscyBvZiB0aGUgY2VyZWJlbGx1bSBhbmQgd2F0ZXJzaGVkIGFyZWFzICjigJx2dWxuZXJhYmxlIGhpcHBvcyBuZWVkIHB1cmUgd2F0ZXLigJ0pLg==[Qq]

[q] If global cerebral ischemia is more profound, necrosis of the areas supplied by the most distal branches of the cerebral arteries can occur (between the zones of perfusion of the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries), this is termed ………………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHdhdGVyc2hlZCBpbmZhcmN0aW9uLg==

[q] – The best initial test in any kind of stroke is …………. and it’s done to exclude to …………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENUIHNjYW4gb2YgdGhlIGhlYWQgd2l0aG91dCBjb250cmFzdCwgaGVtb3JyaGFnZSBhcyBhIGNhdXNlIG9mIHRoZSBzdHJva2UgcHJpb3IgdG8gaW5pdGlhdGluZyB0cmVhdG1lbnQgKGJlZm9yZSB0UEEgY2FuIGJlIGdpdmVuLCBpdCB3b3JzZW5zIHRoZSBjYXNlIGluIGhlbW9ycmhhZ2ljIHN0cm9rZSku

[q] Although lethal ischemic injury in most organs results in coagulative necrosis of parenchymal cells, in the brain such injury produces a focus of …………… within 10 days of infarction?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGxpcXVlZmFjdGl2ZSBuZWNyb3NpcyAobHlzb3NvbWFsIGRpZ2VzdGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgYnJhaW4gdGlzc3VlKS4=[Qq]

[q] A neuron that is responding to irreversible injury is called ………………..? [c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==

[f]IHJlZCBuZXVyb24u[Qq]

[q] Characteristic changes become evident 12-24 hours after irreversible neuronal injury are …………….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]ICYjODIxMTsgU2hyaW5rYWdlIG9mIHRoZSBjZWxsIGJvZHksIGVvc2lub3BoaWxpYSBvZiB0aGUgY3l0b3BsYXNtLCBweWtub3NpcyAoc2hyaW5raW5nKSBvZiB0aGUgbnVjbGV1cywgYW5kIGxvc3Mgb2Ygbmlzc2VsIHN1YnN0YW5jZS4=

[q] ………… is a brief, reversible episode of focal neurologic dysfunction without acute infarction (⊝ MRI), with the majority resolving in < 15 minutes deficits due to focal ischemia. It may present with transient loss of vision in one eye, known as amurosis fugax due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery (the first branch of carotid artery) → Retinal artery occlusion by embolus from dislodged atheromatous plaque in the carotid artery.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFRyYW5zaWVudCBpc2NoZW1pYyBhdHRhY2sgKFRJQSku

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

43 years old patient presenting with claudication of the arm (coldness, tingling, muscle pain) and posterior neurologic signs (visual symptoms, equilibrium problems) when the arm is exercised + Duplex scanning is  shows shows reversal of blood flow in vertebral artery?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFN1YmNsYXZpYW4gc3RlYWwgc3luZHJvbWUu

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

40 years old male patient presenting with repetitive brief headache that usually awaken him from sleep and lasts for about 30 minutes, the pain is unilateral excruciating periorbital pain with lacrimation, rhinorrhea, and meiosis?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENsdXN0ZXIgaGVhZGFjaGUu

[q] Abortive treatment of cluster headache is …………….. or …………..?. While prophylactic treatment is …………….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHN1bWF0cmlwdGFuLCAxMDAlIE8yLCB2ZXJhcGFtaWwu

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

40 years old female patient presenting with unilateral pulsating pain with nausea, photophobia, or phonophobia that is usually preceeded by visual or auditory aura + there is a family history of the same type of the headache in her mother?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE1pZ3JhaW5lIGhlYWRhY2hlLg==

[q] Abortive treatment of migraine headache is …………….. or …………..?. While prophylactic treatment is …………….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5TQUlEcywgdHJpcHRhbnMsIGRpaHlkcm9lcmdvdGFtaW5lLiBsaWZlc3R5bGUgY2hhbmdlcyAoc2xlZXAsIGV4ZXJjaXNlLCBkaWV0KSwgzrItYmxvY2tlcnMsIGFtaXRyaXB0eWxpbmUsIHRvcGlyYW1hdGUsIHZhbHByb2F0ZSwgYm90dWxpbnVtIHRveGluIGluamVjdGlvbnMu

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

40 years old female patient presenting with constant steady pain in band like pattern around head that do not typically limit patient’s ability to perform daily functions?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFRlbnNpb24gaGVhZGFjaGUu

[q] Abortive treatment of tension headache is …………….. or …………..?. While prophylactic treatment is …………….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGFuYWxnZXNpY3MsIE5TQUlEcywgYWNldGFtaW5vcGhlbi4gVENBcyAoYW1pdHJpcHR5bGluZSksIEJlaGF2aW9yYWwgdGhlcmFweS4=

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

20 years old soldier presenting with body temperature 40.5 C, hypotension, confusion after fainting in hot humid environment?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEhlYXQgc3Ryb2tlLg==[Qq]

[q] …………….. is present with port wine stain of the face (nevus flammeus), ipsilateral leptomeningeal angiomas causing seizures / epilepsy, intellectual disability, and episcleral hemangioma causing early onset glaucoma.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFN0dXJnZS1XZWJlciBzeW5kcm9tZS4=

[q] ……….. is present with and subependymal hamartomas in the brain causing seizures and mental retardation, Cardiac rhabdomyomas, facial angiofibromas, and leaf shaped patches of skin lacking pigment, with increased risk of renal angiomyolipomas (tumor composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and fat).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFR1YmVyb3VzIHNjbGVyb3Npcy4=

[q] …………. is present with multiple neurofibromas, café au lait spots, Lisch nodules of the iris, and increased risk of meningiomas, gliomas, pheochromocytomas.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5ldXJvZmlicm9tYXRvc2lzIHR5cGUgMSAoVm9uIFJlY2tsaW5naGF1c2VuIGRpc2Vhc2UpLg==

[q] …………….. is presents with bilateral vestibular schwannomas, juvenile cataracts, with increased risk of meningiomas, ependymomas.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5ldXJvZmlicm9tYXRvc2lzIHR5cGUgSUku[Qq]

[q] …………….. is presents with capillary hemangioblastoma of the cerebellum, cavernous hemangiomas of the skin, and increased risk of bilateral renal cell carcinoma.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFZvbiBIaXBwZWwtTGluZGF1IGRpc2Vhc2Uu[Qq]

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