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[h] Neurology System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] ………… is the type of seizure that involve a localized part of the brain, no loss of consciousness and no postictal confusion.

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[f]IFNpbXBsZSBwYXJ0aWFsIHNlaXp1cmUu

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] ……….. is the type of seizure that involve a localized part of the brain with impaired consciousness and postictal state are present. .

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[f]IENvbXBsZXggcGFydGlhbCBzZWl6dXJlLg==

Cg==

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[q] Drug of choice for both simple partial and complex partial seizures is ………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGNhcmJhbWF6ZXBpbmUgKDFzdCBsaW5lKS4=[Qq]

[q] ………… is the type of seizure that presents with brief episodes of staring, but no postictal confusion and more common in children.

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[f]IEFic2VuY2UgKHBldGl0IG1hbCkgc2VpenVyZXMu

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[q] Drug of choice for absence (petit mal) seizures is ………. and the 2nd line is ………..?

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[f]IGV0aG9zdXhpbWlkZSAoMXN0IGxpbmUpLCB2YWxwcm9hdGUgKDJuZCBsaW5lKS4=

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] ………… is the type of seizure that presents with generalized tonic extension of the extremities followed by colonic rhythmic movements, loss of consciousness and prolonged postictal confusion are present.

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[f]IFRvbmljIGNvbG9uaWMgKEdyYW5kIG1hbCkgc2VpenVyZXMu

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] …………….. is the type of seizure that presents with brief arrhythmic jerking movements, last < 1 sec, usually occur in clusters for a few minutes, no loss of consciousness.

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[f]IE15b2Nsb25pYyBzZWl6dXJlcy4=

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[q] Drug of choice for myoclonic seizures is …………..?

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[f]IHZhbHByb2ljIGFjaWQgKDFzdCBsaW5lKS4=[Qq]

[q] Drug of choice for myoclonic and absence (petit mal) seizures is …………..?

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[f]IHZhbHByb2ljIGFjaWQu[Qq]

[q] …………….. is the type of seizure that presents with stiffening of the body.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFRvbmljIHNlaXp1cmUu

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[q] …………….. is the type of seizure that presents with loss of tone of the body and commonly mistaken for fainting.

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[f]IEF0b25pYyBzZWl6dXJlLg==

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[q] ………………….. inhibits neuronal high frequency firing by reducing the ability of Na channels to recover from inactivation (blocks voltage gated Na channels in cortical neurons). They stabilize these channels in an inactivated state, therefore, fewer Na channels are available for the propagation of an abnormal action potential).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBoZW55dG9pbiwgY2FyYmFtYXplcGluZSBhbmQgdmFscHJvaWMgYWNpZC4=

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] …………… is the 1st line for treatment of absence seizures when associated with tonic colonic or myoclonic seizures.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFZhbHByb2F0ZS4=[Qq]

[q] …………. has a narrow therapeutic index with a number of potential adverse effects including gingival hyperplasia, Ataxia and nystagmus, hirsutism, coarsening of facial features and acneiform skin rash, osteomalacia, and if taken during pregnancy, it may cause fetal hydantoin syndrome, cleft lip and palate.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBoZW55dG9pbi4=[Qq]

[q] …………. is the 1st line for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and cause bone marrow, hepatotoxicity, and SIADH as side effects.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENhcmJhbWF6ZXBpbmUu

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[q] …………. is the 1st line for treatment of myoclonic seizures and cause bone marrow, hepatotoxicity, Pancreatitis, Alopecia, and SIADH as side effects.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNvZGl1bSB2YWxwcm9hdGUgKFZhbHByb2ljIGFjaWQpLg==

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] …………… is the drug of choice for treatment of absence seizures and works by blocking T type of calcium channels in thalamic neurons causing hyperpolarization.

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[q] …………. facilitate GABA action by ↑ frequency of Cl channel opening → membrane hyperpolarization. It can be used for the treatment of status epilepticus.

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[f]IEJlbnpvZGlhemVwaW5lcyAoTG9yYXplcGFtKS4=

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[q] ………… facilitate GABA action by ↑ duration of Cl channel opening → membrane hyperpolarization. It can be used for the treatment of status epilepticus.

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[f]IEJhcmJpdHVyYXRlcyAoUGhlbm9iYXJiaXRhbCku

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] ………………….. work by Blocking voltage gated Na channels and inhibits the release of glutamate. It is used mainly for the treatment of refractory partial seizures and in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It is associated with a potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction (Steven Johnson syndrome) that manifests as a skin rash especially in children which requires discontinuation of the drug immediately.

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[q] …………. is an antiepileptic drug that works by inhibition of GABA reuptake.

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[q] …………. is an antiepileptic drug that works by inhibition of GABA transaminase (the enzyme that metabolize GABA) and increase GABA concentration.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFZpZ2FiYXRyaW4u

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] …………. is an antiepileptic drug that works by increasing brain GABA concentration (analogue), used also in neuropathic pain (such as post-herpetic neuralgia).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEdhYmFwZW50aW4u

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[q] …………………. are antiepileptic drugs and cytochrome P450 inducers.

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[f]IFBoZW55dG9pbiwgY2FyYmFtYXplcGluZSBhbmQgcGhlbm9iYXJiaXRhbC4=[Qq]

[q] …………… is an antiepileptic that is metabolized to phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA). All three compounds are active anticonvulsants.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFByaW1pZG9uZS4=[Qq]

[q] …………….. is recurrent or continuous generalized tonic colonic seizures that last for ≥ 5 minutes without a return to consciousness. It is a life-threatening condition that has several systemic effects, including hypertension, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, and lactic acidosis.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFN0YXR1cyBFcGlsZXB0aWN1cy4=[Qq]

[q] ………………… are the first line drugs for management of status epilepticus.

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[q] If seizures do not stop after benzodiazepines and phenytoin are administered, ……………. is indicated.

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[q] If still seizing after phenobarbital, ……………………..?

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[f]IGludHViYXRlIGFuZCBnaXZlIE1pZGF6b2xhbSwgcHJvcG9mb2wsIG9yIGluaGFsZWQgYW5lc3RoZXRpY3MgdG8gaW5kdWNlIGEgc3RhdGUgb2YgZ2VuZXJhbCBhbmVzdGhlc2lhLg==

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

30 years old patient presenting with fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, facial edema, and diffuse morbilliform skin rash that can progress to a confluent erythema with follicular accentuation + CBC shows eosinophilia and LFTs shows elevated serum alanine transaminase + hepatomegaly, jaundice during physical examination?

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[f]IERydWcgcmVhY3Rpb24gd2l0aCBlb3Npbm9waGlsaWEgYW5kIHN5c3RlbWljIHN5bXB0b21zIChEUkVTUyku[Qq]

[q] Overdose treatment of barbiturates is …………?

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[f]IHN1cHBvcnRpdmUgKGFzc2lzdCByZXNwaXJhdGlvbiBhbmQgbWFpbnRhaW4gQlApLg==[Qq]

[q] ………………… are short acting Benzodiazepine with higher addictive potential.

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[f]IEFscHJhem9sYW0sIFRyaWF6b2xhbSwgT3hhemVwYW0sIGFuZCBNaWRhem9sYW0gKEFUT00pLg==[Qq]

[q] ………………………. are Benzodiazepine that can be used for those with liver disease due to minimal first-pass metabolism.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IExvcmF6ZXBhbSwgT3hhemVwYW0sIGFuZCBUZW1hemVwYW0gKExPVCku[Qq]

[q] Treat Benzodiazepine overdose with ………………?

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[f]IGZsdW1hemVuaWwgKGNvbXBldGl0aXZlIGFudGFnb25pc3QgYXQgR0FCQSBiZW56b2RpYXplcGluZSByZWNlcHRvciku[Qq]

[q] All benzodiazepines should be excluded from use in conjugation with diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine because ……………?

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[f]IGFkZGl0aXZlIENOUyBkZXByZXNzaW9uLg==[Qq]

[q] …………………..  is a short-acting hypnotic agent structurally unrelated to benzodiazepines. It binds to the same portion of the GABA A on the CNS (BZ1 subtype) –> sedation and hypnosis. It is used for treatment of insomnia.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5vbmJlbnpvZGlhemVwaW5lIGh5cG5vdGljcyAoWm9scGlkZW0sIFphbGVwbG9uLCBlc1pvcGljbG9uZSku[Qq]

[q] ………….  is an orexin antagonist. It is used for treatment of insomnia.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFN1dm9yZXhhbnQu[Qq]

[q] ………….. is a melatonin receptor agonist; binds MT1 and MT2 in suprachiasmatic nucleus. It is used for treatment of insomnia.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFJhbWVsdGVvbi4=[Qq]

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