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[h] Neurology System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] Our body is represented in the primary motor cortex and the primary somatosensory cortex upside down , the head is represented on the (lateral or medial) aspect of hemisphere then the regions for the neck, upper limb, and trunk. But on the (lateral or medial) aspect of the hemisphere the representation for the pelvis and lower limb.

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[f]IGxhdGVyYWwsIG1lZGlhbC4=

[q] Lesion of motor cortex on the lateral hemisphere results in ……….., while lesion on the medial hemisphere results in ………….?

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[f]IENvbnRyYWxhdGVyYWwgc3Bhc3RpYyBwYXJlc2lzIG9mIHVwcGVyIGxpbXAgYW5kIGZhY2UsIENvbnRyYWxhdGVyYWwgc3Bhc3RpYyBwYXJlc2lzIG9mIGxvd2VyIGxpbXAu

[q] Lesion of ……… leads to inability to make conjugate voluntary eye movement toward the right side with slow deviation of the eyes toward the left side.

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[f]IExlZnTCoEZyb250YWwgZXllIGZpZWxkIChhcmVhIDgpLg==

[q] Lesion of ………….. leads to poor judgment, difficulty concentrating and problem solving, apathy (severe emotional indifference), inappropriate social behavior and the emergence of infantile suckling or grasp reflexes that are suppressed in adults (disinhibtion).

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[f]IFByZWZyb250YWwgY29ydGV4Lg==[Qq]

[q] There are three language centers on the lateral aspect of the left hemisphere in the vascular territory of the left middle cerebral artery:
1- …………….. is located in frontal lobe, and is the center for motor speech (make motor plan to say something).
2- ……………. is located in temporal and parietal lobe, and is the center for comprhension of spoken and written language.
3- …………… is located in parietal lobe, its significance is in transferring visual information to Wernicke’s area, in order to make meaning out of visually perceived words).

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[f]IEJyb2NhJiM4MjE3O3MgYXJlYSwgV2Vybmlja2UgYXJlYSwgQW5ndWxhciBneXJ1cy4=[Qq]

[q] In …………., there is difficulty in piecing together words to produce expressive speech with impaired repetition and intact comprehension (can understand written and spoken language but say almost nothing). Patients are aware of and frustrated by their problem.

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[f]IEJyb2NhJiM4MjE3O3MgKEV4cHJlc3NpdmUsIG5vbi1mbHVlbnQpIGFwaGFzaWEu[Qq]

[q] Lesion of …………… presents with apraxia (disruption of the patterning and execution of learned motor movement), and astereognosia (inability to recognize objects by touch).

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[f]IFN1cGVyaW9yIHBhcmlldGFsIGxvYnVsZSAoYXJlYSA1LCA3KS4=[Qq]

[q] ………….. presents with unawareness or neglect of the left side of the body, patients may deny that the left arm or left leg belongs to them, patients may shave only the right side of their face, comb the right side of their hair, and ignore the subject located in the left side of a space. Asking a patient to fill in the numbers of a clock is a typical test that is used to detect hemi-neglect syndrome.

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[f]IEhlbWlzcGF0aWFsIG5lZ2xlY3Qgc3luZHJvbWUgKGFzb21hdG9nbm9zaWEpLg==

[q] Hemispatial neglect syndrome (asomatognosia) occurs due to lesion in …………….?

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[f]IHRoZSBub25kb21pbmFudCByaWdodCBwYXJpZXRhbCBsb2JlLg==[Qq]

[q] ………….. presents with alexia with agraphia, acalculia (loss of the ability to perform simple mathematical tasks), finger Agnosia (inability to recognize one’s fingers), and right – left disorientation.

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[q]  Gerstmann syndrome occurs due to lesion in ………………?

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[f]IHRoZSBhbmd1bGFyIGd5cnVzIGluIHRoZSBkb21pbmFudCBwYXJpZXRhbCBsb2JlLg==[Qq]

[q] Lesion affecting ………………. that connects Wernicke’s areas in the temporal and parietal lobe with broca’s area in the frontal lobe cause conduction aphasia.

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[f]IHRoZSBhcmN1YXRlIGZhc2NpY3VsdXMu

[q] In …………., there is a stroke knocking out frontal lobe around Broca’s area, but Broca’s area and the arcuate fasciculus are spared. The patient presents with nonfluent aphasia with good comprehension and intact repetition.

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[f]IFRyYW5zY29ydGljYWwgbW90b3IgYXBoYXNpYS4=

[q] In …………., there is a stroke knocking out temporal lobe around Wernicke area, but Wernicke area and the arcuate fasciculus are spared.

The patient presents with poor comprehension with fluent speech and intact repetition.

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[f]IFRyYW5zY29ydGljYWwgc2Vuc29yeSBhcGhhc2lhLg==

[q] Stroke in ………… presents with left homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing and alexia without Agraphia.

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[f]IFJpZ2h0IHBvc3RlcmlvciBjZXJlYnJhbCBhcnRlcnku

[q] The most common aneurysm site in the circle of Willis is ………..?

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[f]IHdoZXJlIHRoZSBhbnRlcmlvciBjb21tdW5pY2F0aW5nIGFydGVyeSBqb2lucyBhbiBhbnRlcmlvciBjZXJlYnJhbCBhcnRlcnku

[q] Posterior limb of internal capsule and genu are supplied by …………, while anterior limb is supplied by ………….?

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[f]IExlbnRpY3Vsb3N0cmlhdGUgYnJhbmNoIG9mIG1pZGRsZSBjZXJlYnJhbCBhcnRlcnksIE1lZGlhbCBzdHJpYXRlIGJyYW5jaCBvZiBhbnRlcmlvciBjZXJlYnJhbCBhcnRlcnku

[q] Contralateral paralysis and sensory loss of the lower limb, and urinary incontinence is characteristic for stroke in ……………..?

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[q] Contralateral paralysis and sensory loss of the face and upper limb, nonfluent aphasia is characteristic for stroke in ……………..?

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[f]IE1pZGRsZSBjZXJlYnJhbCBhcnRlcnku[Qq]

[q] Quadriplegia; loss of voluntary facial, mouth, and tongue movements, Loss of horizontal, with preserved vertical eye movements and consciousness is characteristic for stroke in ……………..?

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[f]IEJhc2lsYXIgYXJ0ZXJ5Lg==[Qq]

[q] ………… strokes occur due to microatheroma formation and lipohyalinosis in the small penetrating arteries of the brain.

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[f]IExhY3VuYXIu

[q] Acute unilateral motor weakness without sensory deficits or higher cortical dysfunction (pure motor hemiparesis) is suggestive of a lacunar stroke affecting the …………..?

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[f]IHBvc3RlcmlvciBsaW1iIG9mIHRoZSBpbnRlcm5hbCBjYXBzdWxlLg==

[q] Bilateral damage to the medial temporal lobes including the ………….. results in a profound loss of the ability to acquire new information.

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[q] In korsakoff syndrome there is hemorrhagic necrosis of …………. due to thiamine deficiency.

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[f]IG1hbW1pbGxhcnkgYm9kaWVzLg==

[q] Confusion, Ataxia, Ophthalmoplegia in alcholic patient form the triad of ……………?

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[q] The chronic effects of thiamine deficiency lead to …………… syndrome which is characterized by anterograde and retrograde amnesia, confabulation (they fill the memory gap with a fabricated story that themselves believe to be true), apathy and lack of insight.

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[f]IEtvcnNha29mZi4=[Qq]

[q] Bilateral lesion of the ……….. results in disinhibited behavior (hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality).

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[q] ……………. is a part of the brainstem that plays an important role in sleep, alertness and consciousness, SO, its lesion will result in reduced level of arousal and wakefulness (Coma).

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[f]IFJldGljdWxhciBhY3RpdmF0aW5nIHN5c3RlbS4=[Qq]

[q] Damage to neural structures above the red nucleus (cerebral hemispheres, internal capsule) typically results in (decorticate or decerebrate) posturing with hyperflexion of the upper limb and hyperextension of the lower limb.

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[f]IGRlY29ydGljYXRlLg==

[q] Damage to the brainstem at or below the level of the red nucleus (midbrain tegmentum, pons) usually causes(decorticate or decerebrate) posturing with hyperextension of the the upper limb and lower limb.

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[f]IGRlY2VyZWJyYXRlLg==

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