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[h] Reproductive System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] ………….. is the most common benign GTN. It results from fertilization of an empty egg with a single X sperm resulting in paternally derived (androgenetic) normal 46, XX karyotype. No fetus, umbilical cord or amniotic fluid is seen. The uterus is filled with grape-like vesicles composed of edematous avascular villi. Ultrasounds shows snowstorm appearance. Its  progression to malignancy is 20%.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENvbXBsZXRlIG1vbGUu

[q] ………… is the less common benign GTN. It results from fertilization of a normal egg with two sperm resulting in triploid 69, XXY karyotype. A fetus, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid is seen which results ultimately in fetal demise. Its progression to malignancy is 10%.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEluY29tcGxldGUgbW9sZS4=

[q] Serial measurements of ………….. should be performed following evacuation of a hydatidiform mole. Persistently elevated or rising levels may signify the development of an invasive mole or choriocarcinoma.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IM6yLWhDRy4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

32 years old female patient with history of hydatidiform mole that was evacuated through dilation and curettage presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding, uterine enlargement, and significantly increased beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels + patient also complain of chest pain, hemoptysis, and dyspnea and chest xray is shown below?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENob3Jpb2NhcmNpbm9tYS4=[Qq]

[q]……………. is the most common breast congenital anomalies seen in women and men and occurs due to ………….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGFjY2Vzc29yeSBuaXBwbGVzIChwb2x5dGhlbGlhKSzCoGZhaWx1cmUgb2YgYXBwcm9wcmlhdGUgaW52b2x1dGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgbWFtbWFyeSByaWRnZS4=

[q]………… is associated with breast-feeding and presents as an erythematous breast with purulent nipple discharge.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IExhY3RhdGlvbmFsIG1hc3RpdGlzLg==

[q] Lactational mastitis is usually due to infection with ………….. in breastfeeding female.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFN0YXBoeWxvY29jY3VzIGF1cmV1cy4=[Qq]

[q] Treatment of lactational mastitis involves ………………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGNvbnRpbnVlZCBkcmFpbmFnZSAoYnJlYXN0LWZlZWRpbmcpIGFuZCBhbnRpYmlvdGljcyAoZGljbG94YWNpbGxpbiku[Qq]

[q] …………. is usually related to breast trauma (breast surgery or seatbelt injury). Presents as a painless mass on physical exam or abnormal calcification on mammography (due to saponification). Can mimic breast cancer in its clinical and radiographic presentation but biopsy shows necrotic fat with associated calcifications and giant cells.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEZhdCBuZWNyb3Npcy4=[Qq]

[q] ……………… are a common cause of cyclic breast pain in women of reproductive age. Classic clinical findings are diffusely nodular lumpy breasts with non-focal tenderness (often bilateral) and no nipple discharge or lymphadenopathy. Symptoms typically improve during or after menstruation. Cysts have a blue-dome appearance on gross exam.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEZpYnJvY3lzdGljIGJyZWFzdCBjaGFuZ2VzLg==

[q] In ………………., there is increased acini and stromal fibrosis, associated with calcifications → 2 times increased risk for invasive breast carcinoma.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNjbGVyb3NpbmcgYWRlbm9zaXMu[Qq]

[q] In …………….., there is increased cells in terminal ductal or lobular epithelium with atypical cells → 5x increased risk or invasive breast carcinoma.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVwaXRoZWxpYWwgaHlwZXJwbGFzaWEu[Qq]

[q] ………….. is the most common breast tumor found in adolescence and young women. It presents with rubbery, mobile, and well-circumscribed mass, and is located in the outer quadrant of the breast (breast mouse).  ↑ size and tenderness with ↑ estrogen (pregnancy, prior to menstruation).  Histologically, they are characterized by a benign-appearing cellular or myxoid stroma that encircles epithelium-lined glandular and cystic spaces (arrow).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEZpYnJvYWRlbm9tYS4=[Qq]

[q] ………… is the most common cause of unilateral bloody discharge in premenopausal females without a coexisting breast mass. It presents with bloody discharge without a corresponding breast mass or nipple changes in the setting of normal mammography.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGludHJhZHVjdGFsIHBhcGlsbG9tYS4=

[q] The most distinctive gross feature of fibroadenomas that allows them to be distinguished from other breast lumps is ………….?

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[f]IHRoZWlyIG1vYmlsaXR5Lg==[Qq]

[q] ………….. is a Fibroadenoma-Iike tumor with overgrowth of the fibrous component; characteristic ‘leaf-like’ projections are seen on biopsy. Most commonly seen in postmenopausal women. Can be malignant in some cases.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBoeWxsb2RlcyB0dW1vci4=[Qq]

[q] …………… is the most common carcinoma in women by incidence (excluding skin cancer) and the 2nd most common cause of cancer mortality in women.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJyZWFzdCBjYW5jZXIu[Qq]

[q] Overlying skin retractions (dimpling) in breast cancer signal involvement of ………..?

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[f]IHN1c3BlbnNvcnkgbGlnYW1lbnRzIG9mIHRoZSBicmVhc3QgKENvb3BlciBsaWdhbWVudCku

[q] ………………  is the most important prognostic factor in early-stage breast cancer.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEF4aWxsYXJ5IGx5bXBoIG5vZGUgbWV0YXN0YXNpcy4=[Qq]

[q] …………… is a malignant proliferation of cells in ducts with no invasion of the basement membrane. Often detected as microcalcifications on mammography and not usually produce a mass. The most common type is …………. which is characterized by solid sheets of pleomorphic, high-grade nuclei with extensive central necrosis and dystrophic calcification in the center of ducts.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IER1Y3RhbCBjYXJjaW5vbWEgaW4gc2l0dSAoRENJUykswqBDb21lZG9jYXJjaW5vbWEu[Qq]

[q] …………….. is DCIS that extends up the ducts to involve the skin of the nipple. Presents as nipple ulceration and erythema (eczematous patches on nipple) and almost always associated with an underlying carcinoma (DCIS or IDC).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBhZ2V0IGRpc2Vhc2Ugb2YgdGhlIGJyZWFzdC4=

[q] ……………….. is a malignant proliferation of cells in lobules with no invasion of the basement membrane. It does not produce a mass or calcifications and is usually discovered incidentally on biopsy. Characterized by dyscohesive cells lacking E-cadherin adhesion protein. Often multifocal and bilateral. ↑ risk of cancer in either breast (vs DCIS, same breast and quadrant).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IExvYnVsYXIgY2FyY2lub21hIGluIHNpdHUgKExDSVMpLg==[Qq]

[q] …………… is the most common type of invasive breast carcinoma in the breast, accounting for > 80% of cases. Presents as Firm, fibrous, “rock-hard” mass with sharp margins duct-like cells in desmoplastic stroma. Advanced tumors may result in dimpling of the skin or retraction of the nipple (indicates involvement of Cooper’s ligament).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEludmFzaXZlIGR1Y3RhbCBjYXJjaW5vbWEu[Qq]

[q] ……………… is invasive breast carcinoma that characteristically grows in a single-file pattern ” Indian file”. No duct formation due to lack of E-cadherin. Often lacks desmoplastic response. Often bilateral with multiple lesions in the same location.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEludmFzaXZlIGxvYnVsYXIgY2FyY2lub21hLg==[Qq]

[q] …………. is an uncommon breast malignancy that can mimic mastitis. Presents with diffuse breast erythema, warmth, pain, and edema with a peau d’orange (superficial dimpling, fine pitting) appearance. Patients commonly have axillary lymphadenopathy suggesting metastatic disease.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEluZmxhbW1hdG9yeSBicmVhc3QgY2FuY2VyLg==

[q] Inflammatory breast cancer causes lymphatic obstruction and tissue swelling due to ………………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGNvbGxlY3Rpb25zIG9mIG5lb3BsYXN0aWMgY2VsbHMgcGx1ZyB0aGUgZGVybWFsIGx5bXBoYXRpYyBjaGFubmVscy4=[Qq]

[q] ERB-B2 gene (HER2/neu) amplification is associated with response to ……………, antibody directed against the HER2 receptor.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHRyYXN0dXp1bWFiIChIZXJjZXB0aW4pLg==[Qq]

[q] Overexpression of ………… protein is associated with increased rates of breast and ovarian cancer (accelerates cell proliferation).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEhFUjIvbmV1Lg==[Qq]

[q] BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutations are the most important single gene mutations associated with hereditary breast cancer. These are tumor suppressor genes that function in …………….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEROQSByZXBhaXIgYW5kIHJlZ3VsYXRpb24gb2YgdGhlIGNlbGwgY3ljbGUu[Qq]

[q] Male breast cancer is associated with ………….. and ……………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJSQ0EyIG11dGF0aW9ucyBhbmQgS2xpbmVmZWx0ZXIgc3luZHJvbWUu[Qq]

[q] Mention 4 drugs you know that cause gynecomastia as a side effect?

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[f]IChTcGlyb25vbGFjdG9uZSwgRGlnb3hpbiwgQ2ltZXRpZGluZSwgS2V0b2NvbmF6b2xlKS4=[Qq]

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