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[h] Cardiovascular System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

27 years old tall, thin, young male unilateral chest pain and dyspnea, ↓ tactile fremitus, hyperresonance, diminished breath sounds, all on the affected side someone without pre-existing pulmonary disease. CXR is shown below.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFByaW1hcnkgc3BvbnRhbmVvdXMgcG5ldW1vdGhvcmF4Lg==[Qq]

[q] …………….. is the most common cause of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFJ1cHR1cmUgb2YgYXBpY2FsIHN1YnBsZXVyYWwgYmxlYnMu[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

27 years old tall, thin, young male unilateral chest pain and dyspnea, ↓ tactile fremitus, hyperresonance, absent breath sounds, all on the affected side after penetrating wound injury. The patient is hypotensive with reflex tachycardia. CXR is shown below.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFRlbnNpb24gcG5ldW1vdGhvcmF4Lg==[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

27 years old male with unilateral chest pain and dyspnea, ↓ tactile fremitus, dullness with percussion, diminished breath sounds, all on the affected side. Thrococentesis was done and showed high fluid-to-serum ratio of total protein (>0.5) and lactate dehydrogenase (>0.6) . CXR is shown below.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEV4dWRhdGl2ZSBwbGV1cmFsIGVmZnVzaW9uLg==[Qq]

[q] Exudative pleural effusion develop due to ……………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGluZmxhbW1hdGlvbiBhbmQgY29uc2VxdWVudCBpbmNyZWFzZWQgdmFzY3VsYXIgbWVtYnJhbmUgcGVybWVhYmlsaXR5IChtYWxpZ25hbmN5LCBwbmV1bW9uaWEsIGNvbGxhZ2VuIHZhc2N1bGFyIGRpc2Vhc2UsIHRyYXVtYSku

[q] ……….. are drugs that can be used in treatment of Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid and cause Sedation (additive with other CNS depressants), antimuscarinic, anti-α-adrenergic as side effects.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEZpcnN0IGdlbmVyYXRpb24gZHJ1Z3MgKERpcGhlbmh5ZHJhbWluZSwgZGltZW5oeWRyaW5hdGUsIGNobG9ycGhlbmlyYW1pbmUuIE5hbWVzIGNvbnRhaW4g4oCcLWVuLy1pbmXigJ0gb3Ig4oCcLWVuLy1hdGUpLg==[Qq]

[q] ……….. are drugs that can be used in treatment of Allergy and cause far less sedating than 1st generation because of ↓ entry into CNS.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNlY29uZCBnZW5lcmF0aW9uIGRydWdzIChMb3JhdGFkaW5lLCBmZXhvZmVuYWRpbmUsIGRlc2xvcmF0YWRpbmUsIGNldGlyaXppbmUsIG1lY2xpemluZS4gVXN1YWxseSBlbmQgaW4g4oCcLWFkaW5l4oCdKS4=[Qq]

[q] ………  is a mucolytic agent that loosens the thick sputum by cleaving disulfide bonds within mucus glycoproteins. Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE4tYWNldHlsY3lzdGVpbmUu[Qq]

[q] ………….. is synthetic codeine analog antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors and is used as antitussive drug. It has mild opioid effect when used in excess.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IERleHRyb21ldGhvcnBoYW4u[Qq]

[q] …………. is α-adrenergic agonists, used as nasal decongestants by reducing hyperemia, edema, nasal congestion; open obstructed eustachian tubes and can cause Hypertension and CNS stimulation/anxiety side effects.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBzZXVkb2VwaGVkcmluZSwgcGhlbnlsZXBocmluZS4=[Qq]

[q] …………. competitively antagonizes ENdothelin-1 receptors —->  ↓ pulmonary vascular resistance. Associated with vasodilatory side effects (headache, flushing, hypotension) and Hepatotoxicity (monitor LFTs) and contraindicated in pregnancy.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJvc2VudGFuLg==[Qq]

[q] ……….. inhibits cGMP PDE-5 and prolongs vasodilatory effect of nitric oxide. It can be used in treatment of pulmonary hypertension and erectile dysfunction. Contraindicated when taking nitroglycerin or other nitrates (due to risk of severe hypotension).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNpbGRlbmFmaWwu[Qq]

[q] ………… has direct vasodilatory effects on pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds and can be used for treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Can cause flushing, jaw pain as side effects.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFByb3N0YWN5Y2xpbiAoRXBvcHJvc3Rlbm9sLCBpbG9wcm9zdCk=[Qq]

[q] ………… relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by acting as short acting β2-agonist. Used during acute exacerbation.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFsYnV0ZXJvbC4=[Qq]

[q] …………… is long-acting β2-agonist and are used for Asthma prophylaxis.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNhbG1ldGVyb2wsIGZvcm1vdGVyb2wu[Qq]

[q] …………. inhibit the formation of inflammatory mediators (cytokines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes) implicated in bronchial asthma, also reduce leukocyte extravasation, induce apoptosis of inflammatory cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, and eosinophils) and are used for both chronic asthma management and during acute exacerbations.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGNvcnRpY29zdGVyb2lkcyAoRmx1dGljYXNvbmUsIGJ1ZGVzb25pZGUpLg==[Qq]

[q] The most common side effect of inhaled glucocorticoids is …………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IG9yb3BoYXJ5bmdlYWwgY2FuZGlkaWFzaXMgYW5kIER5c3Bob25pYS4=

JiM4MjExOyBCeSB1c2luZyBhIHNwYWNlciBhbmQgcmluc2luZyBvbmUmIzgyMTc7cyBtb3V0aCBhZnRlciBnbHVjb2NvcnRpY29pZCBpbmhhbGF0aW9uLCBwYXRpZW50cyBjYW4gYXZvaWQgdGhpcyBjb21wbGljYXRpb24u[Qq]

[q] ………….. competitively blocks muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction. Can be used for treatment of asthma and COPD.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IElwcmF0cm9waXVtIGFuZCBUaW90cm9waXVtLg==[Qq]

[q] …….. block leukotriene receptors and especially good for aspirin-induced asthma.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE1vbnRlbHVrYXN0LCB6YWZpcmx1a2FzdC4=

[q] ………… is a 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor which blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFppbGV1dG9uLg==

[q] …………. binds mostly unbound serum IgE and blocks binding to FcεRI. Used in allergic asthma with ↑ IgE levels resistant to inhaled steroids and long-acting β2-agonists.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE9tYWxpenVtYWIu

[q] ………. cause bronchial dilatation by decreasing phosphodiesterase enzyme activity —-> increasing intracellular cAMP, and also by antagonism of adenosine (a bronchoconstrictor).

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[f]IE1ldGh5bHhhbnRoaW5lcyBsaWtlIHRoZW9waHlsbGluZSBhbmQgYW1pbm9waHlsbGluZS4=[Qq]

[q] …………. and ……….. are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in theophylline intoxication.

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[f]IFNlaXp1cmVzIGFuZCBUYWNoeWFycmh5dGhtaWFzLg==[Qq]

[q] …………. are mast cell stabilizing agents. They inhibit mast cell degranulation independent of stimuli present.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENyb21vbHluIGFuZCBuZWRvY3JvbWlsLg==[Qq]

[q] ………… prevents eosinophil differentiation, maturation, activation, and survival mediated by IL-5 stimulation. For maintenance therapy in severe eosinophilic asthma.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]

JiM4MjExOyBNZXBvbGl6dW1hYiwgcmVzbGl6dW1hYjogYWdhaW5zdCBJTC01Lg==

– Benralizumab: against IL-5 receptor α.

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