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[h] Cardiovascular System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] Stab wounds immediately above the clavicle and first rib and lateral to the manubrium can puncture …….. and cause pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, or hemothorax.

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[f]IHRoZSBjZXJ2aWNhbCBwbGV1cmEu

[q] The …….. pleura is innervated by somatic sensory (sensory afferent) nerves, which allow the sensation of sharp and localized pain.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHBhcmlldGFsIChQYXJpZXRhbCBpcyBzZW5zaXRpdmUgdG8gcGFpbiku[Qq]

[q] The phrenic nerve, which is derived from the ……. nerve roots, delivers motor innervation to the diaphragm and additionally carries pain fibers from the ……….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEMzLUM1LiBkaWFwaHJhZ21hdGljIGFuZCBtZWRpYXN0aW5hbCBwbGV1cmEu

[q] Removal of excess pleural fluid is usually made by inserting a needle into the costodiaphragmatic recess through the eighth or ninth intercostal space at the ……….  This avoids penetration of the liver and lung.

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[f]IG1pZGF4aWxsYXJ5IGxpbmUu

[Qq]

[q] The chest tube traverses through skin, subcutaneous fat, ……….., intercostal (external, internal, innermost) muscles, and parietal pleura to reach the pleural cavity.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHRoZSBzZXJyYXR1cyBhbnRlcmlvciBtdXNjbGUu

[q] Cricothyrotomy is indicated when an emergency airway is required and orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation is either unsuccessful or contraindicated. It traverses through skin, Superficial cervical fascia, deep cervical fascia, and …….. in the same order.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENyaWNvdGh5cm9pZCBtZW1icmFuZS4=

[q] ……… is the volume of air inspired/expired at rest (500mL is a good average).

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[f]IFRpZGFsIFZvbHVtZSAoVlQpLg==

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[Qq]

[q] ……… is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration.

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[f]IFJlc2lkdWFsIFZvbHVtZSAoUlYpLg==

[q] …….. is the maximum volume of air that can be inspired above resting tidal volume.

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[f]IEluc3BpcmF0b3J5IFJlc2VydmUgVm9sdW1lIChJUlYpLg==

[q] ……… is the maximum volume of air that can be expired after a resting expiration.

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[f]IEV4cGlyYXRvcnkgUmVzZXJ2ZSBWb2x1bWUgKEVSViku

[q] ……… is the amount of air in the lung system at the end of an expiration at rest. It is also considered the neutral, or equilibrium state, of the respiratory system.

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[f]IEZ1bmN0aW9uYWwgUmVzaWR1YWwgQ2FwYWNpdHkgKEZSQyku

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[Qq]FRC = ERV + RV

[q] ……… is the maximal inspiration from FRC.

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[f]IEluc3BpcmF0b3J5IENhcGFjaXR5IChJQyku

SUMgPSBW_VA==[Qq] + IRV

[q] ………. is the maximum amount of air expired following a maximal inspiration. If done forcefully, Forced Vital capacity.

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[f]IFZpdGFsIENhcGFjaXR5IChWQyku

VkMgPSBFUlYgKyBW_VA==[Qq] + IRV

[q] ………. is the volume of air in the lung system after a maximal inspiration.

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[f]IFRvdGFsIEx1bmcgQ2FwYWNpdHkgKFRMQyk=

[q] This PFT is consistent with ……….. lung disease?

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[q] This PFT is consistent with ……….. lung disease?

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[f]IFJlc3RyaWN0aXZlLg==[Qq]

[q] This PFT is consistent with ………..?

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[f]IEFnaW5nLg==

74KnIFBhdGllbnRzIGFnZSAmZ3Q7MzUgZXhwZXJpZW5jZSBzdGVhZHkgZGVjcmVhc2VzIGluIGNoZXN0IHdhbGwgY29tcGxpYW5jZSBhcyBhIHJlc3VsdCBvZiBzdGlmZmVuaW5nIGZyb20gcmliIGNhbGNpZmljYXRpb24uIEluIGNvbnRyYXN0LCBsdW5nIGNvbXBsaWFuY2UgaW5jcmVhc2VzIHdpdGggYWdlIGR1ZSB0byBhIGxvc3Mgb2YgZWxhc3RpYyByZWNvaWwsIHBhcnRpY3VsYXJseSBpbiB0aGUgYWx2ZW9sYXIgZHVjdHMu

 Diminished elastic recoil and the collapse of supporting tissues around the airways cause a significant increase in residual volume (RV). However, total lung capacity (TLC) remains unchanged because the decreased chest wall compliance counterbalances increases in lung compliance.

 In addition, as RV becomes a much higher proportion of TLC (due to air trapping), forced vital capacity also decreases.

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