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[h] Cardiovascular System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] On a positive pressure ventilator, tidal volume must be sized appropriately. If tidal volume is inappropriately large, alveolar pressure is excessive at the end of inspiration. This can cause a ………….., often at the lung apex.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHNwb250YW5lb3VzIHBuZXVtb3Rob3JheC4=

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] Emphysema, often caused by smoking, results in destruction of the alveolar septa and capillaries. This reduces the elastic recoil and (increase or decrease) compliance.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGluY3JlYXNlLg==

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] Fibrosis has increased collagen fiber deposition, which increases the tissue component of elastic recoil and (increase or decrease) compliance.

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[f]IGRlY3JlYXNlLg==

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] The intrapleural pressure at the circled point below equal …….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]ICYjODIxMTsgNSBjbSBIMk8uIEF0IHRoZSBGUkMsIHRoZSB0ZW5kZW5jaWVzIG9mIHRoZSBjaGVzdCB3YWxsIHRvIGV4cGFuZCBhbmQgdGhlIGx1bmcgdG8gY29sbGFwc2Ugb3Bwb3NlIG9uZSBhbm90aGVyLCBjcmVhdGluZyBhIG5lZ2F0aXZlIGludHJhcGxldXJhbCBwcmVzc3VyZSBvZiBhcHByb3hpbWF0ZWx5IC01IGNtIEgyTy4=[Qq]

[q] The graph below depicts a vascular bed where the arterial/arteriolar resistance increases as the blood oxygen content decreases. This sort of hypoxic vasoconstriction occurs in ………..?

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[f]IHRoZSBwdWxtb25hcnkgY2lyY3VsYXRpb24u

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is lowest at the ……….?

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[f]IGZ1bmN0aW9uYWwgcmVzaWR1YWwgY2FwYWNpdHku

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] On a positive pressure ventilator, tidal volume must be sized appropriately. If tidal volume is inappropriately large, alveolar pressure is excessive at the end of inspiration. This can cause a ………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHNwb250YW5lb3VzIHBuZXVtb3Rob3JheC4=

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] What causes the change in compliance in curve 1 and 2?

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[f]

Cg==

MS4gRW1waHlzZW1hLCBBZ2luZywgbm9ybWFsIHNhbGluZSBpbiBhbHZlb2xpLg==

Cg==

Mi4gUHVsbW9uYXJ5IGZpYnJvc2lzLg==

[Qq]

 Emphysema, often caused by smoking, results in destruction of the alveolar septa and capillaries. This reduces the elastic recoil and increase compliance.

 Fibrosis has increased collagen fiber deposition, which increases the tissue component of elastic recoil and decease compliance.

[q] At the FRC, the tendencies of the chest wall to expand and the lung to collapse oppose one another, creating a negative intrapleural pressure of approximately ………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IC01IGNtIEgyTy4=[Qq]

 

[q] This sort of hypoxic vasoconstriction occurs in ………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHRoZSBwdWxtb25hcnkgY2lyY3VsYXRpb24u[Qq]

[q] Because alveolar and extra-alveolar resistances are increased at high and low lung volumes, respectively, the total PVR takes the shape of a U curve with lowest Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at ………?

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[f]IHRoZSBmdW5jdGlvbmFsIHJlc2lkdWFsIGNhcGFjaXR5Lg==

Cg==

74KnIFB1bG1vbmFyeSB2YXNjdWxhciByZXNpc3RhbmNlIChQVlIpIGlzIGNhbGN1bGF0ZWQgYXMgYSBzdW0gb2YgdGhlIGFsdmVvbGFyIGFuZCBleHRyYS1hbHZlb2xhciByZXNpc3RhbmNlcyBhcyB0aGVzZSB2ZXNzZWxzIGxpZSBpbiBzZXJpZXMgd2l0aCBlYWNoIG90aGVyLg==

Cg==

[Qq]

 Because alveolar and extra-alveolar resistances are increased at high and low lung volumes, respectively, the total PVR takes the shape of a U curve.

 Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is lowest at the functional residual capacity.

[q] Blood in the left atrium and ventricle has a slightly lower PO2 than blood in the pulmonary capillaries. This is due to ………… and is represented by the downward deflection identified by the arrow?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHRoZSBtaXhpbmcgb2YgZGVveHlnZW5hdGVkIGJsb29kIGNvbWVzIGZyb20gdGhlIGJyb25jaGlhbCB2ZWlucyB3aXRoIG94eWdlbmF0ZWQgYmxvb2QgZnJvbSB0aGUgcHVsbW9uYXJ5IHZlaW5zLg==[Qq]

[q] ……… is directly proportional with diffusion Capacity of the lung?

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[f]IFRoZSB0b3RhbCBzdXJmYWNlIGFyZWEgKEEpLg==

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] ……… is inversely proportional with diffusion Capacity of the lung?

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[f]IFRvdGFsIHRoaWNrbmVzcyBvZiB0aGUgbWVtYnJhbmUgKFQpLg==[Qq]

[q] If the gas equilibrates between the capillary and interstitium and to increase its diffusion further, you need to increase their perfusion by increasing blood flow. It is said to be in a …………..?

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[f]IHBlcmZ1c2lvbi1saW1pdGVkIHNpdHVhdGlvbi4=

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] If the gas does not equilibrate between the capillary and interstitium, it is said to be in a ………?

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[f]IGRpZmZ1c2lvbi1saW1pdGVkIHNpdHVhdGlvbi4=

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

[q] If the metabolic rate is constant, the only factor affecting alveolar CO2 is ………….?

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[f]IGFsdmVvbGFyIHZlbnRpbGF0aW9uLg==

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] The majority (70%) of total blood CO2 is carried in the plasma as ……….?

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[f]IGJpY2FyYm9uYXRlIGlvbiAoSENPMyku

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Cg==[Qq]

[q] High RBC chloride content in present in (Arterial or venous) blood.

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[q] About 25% of the total CO2 is carried as ……….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGNhcmJhbWlubyBjb21wb3VuZHMu[Qq]

[q] T (taut; deoxygenated) form of hemoglobin has (low or high)

0affinity for O2.

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[f]IGxvdyAoVGF1dCBpbiBUaXNzdWVzKS4=[Qq]

[q] R (relaxed; oxygenated) form of hemoglobin has (low or high) affinity for O2.

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[f]IEhpZ2ggKFJlbGF4ZWQgaW4gUmVzcGlyYXRvcnkgYXJlYSku[Qq]

[q] In peripheral tissue, ↑ H from tissue metabolism shifts curve to right, unloading O2. This is called ……… effect?

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[f]IEJvaHIu

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[q] In lungs, oxygenation of Hb promotes dissociation of H from Hb. This shifts equilibrium toward CO2 formation; therefore, CO2 is released from RBCs. This is called ……… effect?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEhhbGRhbmUu

Cg==

Cg==[Qq]

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