[qwiz style=”width: auto !important; min-height: auto !important; border-width: 4px !important; border-color: #0099cc !important; ” align=”center”]

[h] Cardiovascular System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] Central Chemoreceptors receptors are very sensitive and represent the main drive for ventilation under normal resting conditions at sea level. The main drive for ventilation is ……… on the central chemoreceptors.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENPMiAoSCku

[q] When systemic arterial PO2 is close to normal (100 mm Hg) or above normal, there is little if any stimulation of (Central or peripheral) chemoreceptors. They are strongly stimulated only by a dramatic decrease in systemic arterial PO2.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFBlcmlwaGVyYWwu[Qq]

[q] Cheyne-Stokes breathing describes cyclic breathing in which apnea is followed by gradually increasing then decreasing tidal volumes until the next apneic period It is commonly seen in the setting of ……..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGFkdmFuY2VkIGNvbmdlc3RpdmUgaGVhcnQgZmFpbHVyZS4=

[q] Under resting conditions, achieved by simply a relaxation of the muscles of inspiration. Active expiration (and coughing) is produced by the contraction of the abdominal muscles like ………..and ………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFJlY3R1cyBhYmRvbWluYWwsIG9ibGlxdWVzLCBhbmQgdHJhbnN2ZXJzZSBhYmRvbWluYWwuIFRoZSBvYmxpcXVlcyBhcmUgY29uc2lkZXJlZCB0aGUgbWFpbiBtdXNjbGVzIG9mIGV4cGlyYXRpb24gYW5kIGNvdWdoLg==[Qq]

[q] At high altitude, as acute change there is decrease in oxygen content due to ……………… and as adaptation change after a few weeks, there is normalization of oxygen content due to ……..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGR1ZSB0byBkZWNyZWFzZSBvZiB0aGUgb3h5Z2VuIGRpc3NvbHZlZCBpbiB0aGUgcGxhc21hIGFuZCBkZWNyZWFzZSBpbiBveHlnZW4gc2F0dXJhdGlvbiwgaW5jcmVhc2UgaW4gaGVtb2dsb2JpbiBzYXR1cmF0aW9uIChwb2x5Y3l0aGVtaWEpLg==

[q] At high altitude, as adaptation change after a few weeks, there is (increase or decrease) in 2,3-BPG.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IOKGkSAyLDMtQlBHIChiaW5kcyB0byBIYiBjYXVzaW5nIHJpZ2h0d2FyZCBzaGlmdCBvZiB0aGUgT0RDIHNvIHRoYXQgSGIgcmVsZWFzZXMgbW9yZSBPMiku

[q] At high altitude, as acute change there is respiratory (alkalosis or acidosis) due to ……………… and as adaptation change after a few weeks, there is normalization of ph due to ……..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFJlc3BpcmF0b3J5IGFsa2Fsb3NpcywgaHlwZXJ2ZW50aWxhdGlvbiwga2lkbmV5IGNvbXBlbnNhdGlvbi4=

[q] High altitude and hypoventilation are the two causes of hypoxemia that originate from a low alveolar PO2 and both of them have a (Normal or High) A-a gradient. The only difference between them is ………. which decreases in high altitude due to hyperventilation.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IG5vcm1hbCwgUEFjbzIu[Qq]

[q] ………. is characterized by decreased hemoglobin concentration in the setting of normal SaO2 and PaO2.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFuZW1pYS4=

[q] ………… cause hypoxemia with high A-a gradient that can be relieved with supplemental oxygen.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IERpZmZ1c2lvbiBJbXBhaXJtZW50Lg==

[x][restart]

[/qwiz]