[qwiz style=”width: auto !important; min-height: auto !important; border-width: 4px !important; border-color: #0099cc !important; ” align=”center”]

[h] Cardiovascular System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] Several mechanisms contribute to oxygen-induced hypercapnia, but the major cause is increased ………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHZlbnRpbGF0aW9uLXBlcmZ1c2lvbiBtaXNtYXRjaC4=

[q] ………… is blood passing through the pulmonary circulation and entering the left heart without changing its chemical composition (without gas exchange). It’s one of the causes of hypoxemia with high A-a gradient and supplemental oxygen doesn’t improve hypoxemia.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFB1bG1vbmFyeSBzaHVudC4=

[q] Although both ventilation and perfusion increase from apex to base, ………. increases to a greater degree. For this reason, the ventilation/perfusion ratio ………… in the lung from apex to base.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHBlcmZ1c2lvbiwgZGVjcmVhc2VzLg==

[q] The combination of acute onset dyspnea, calf swelling, obesity in a patient with hypoxemia (high A-a gradient) and respiratory alkalosis is suggestive of ………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHB1bG1vbmFyeSBlbWJvbGlzbS4=

[q] Because exercising muscles extract additional O2, the venous blood O2 content is …………? The venous blood CO2 content is ………. due to increased CO2 production. The venous blood pH is …………..? But no change in arterial Pao2 and Paco2 because they are balanced by increases of the cardiac output/skeletal muscle perfusion and ventilation, respectively.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGRlY3JlYXNlZCwgaW5jcmVhc2VkLCBkZWNyZWFzZWQu[Qq]

[q] Treatment of caisson diseases is …………..or ………..?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]wqByZWNvbXByZXNzaW9uIGFuZCBhIHNsb3cgZGVjb21wcmVzc2lvbiBvciBicmVhdGhpbmcgMTAwJSBveHlnZW4u

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

15 years old patient presenting with facial pain, headache that is worse when the patient leans forward, postnasal drainage, and purulent nasal drainage. CT of the face is shown below?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFJoaW5vc2ludXNpdGlzLg==

JiM4MjExOyBNb3N0IGNhc2VzIG9mIHZpcmFsIHJoaW5vc2ludXNpdGlzIHJlc29sdmUgaW4gNy0xMCBkYXlzIHdpdGggbWFuYWdlbWVudCAoYW50aWhpc3RhbWluZXMsIE5TQUlEUywgYW5kIGRlY29uZ2VzdGFudHMgc3VjaCBhcyBvcmFsIHBzZXVkb2VwaGVkcmluZSBvciBveHltZXRhem9saW5lIHNwcmF5cyku[Qq]

[q] If symptoms of Rhinosinusitis persist get worse after symptomatic treatment, antibiotics should be considered. Streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae are the most common causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Due to increasing beta-lactamase resistance, the treatment of choice is ………….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGFtb3hpY2lsbGluLWNsYXZ1bGFuaWMgYWNpZC4=[Qq]

[q] The most common cause of epistaxis is ……….?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IERpZ2l0YWwgdHJhdW1hIChub3NlIHBpY2tpbmcpLg==[Qq]

[q] 90-95% of epistaxis are (anterior or posterior). Bleeding source is (venous or arterial) from ………..?. Management is directed at stopping the bleeding from Kiesselbach plexus, preferably by direct compression of the nasal alae. Cautery (silver nitrate) at ……….. may be necessary for persistent bleeding.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFudGVyaW9yLCB2ZW5vdXMsIEtpZXNzZWxiYWNoIHZlbm91cyBwbGV4dXMuIHRoZSBhbnRlcmlvciBuYXNhbCBzZXB0dW0u[Qq]

[q] 5% of epistaxis are (anterior or posterior). Bleeding source is (venous or arterial) from ………..?. These are very dangerous and need packing or balloon.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHBvc3RlcmlvciwgYXJ0ZXJpYWwsIHNwaGVub3BhbGF0aW5lIGFydGVyeSwgYSBicmFuY2ggb2YgbWF4aWxsYXJ5IGFydGVyeS4=[Qq]

[q] …………… is a protrusion of edematous, inflamed nasal mucosa. Usually secondary to repeated bouts of rhinitis; also occurs in cystic fibrosis and aspirin -intolerant asthma.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5hc2FsIHBvbHlwcy4=[Qq]

[q] ……….. is a benign tumor of nasal mucosa composed of large blood vessels and fibrous tissue; classically seen in adolescent males and presents with profuse epistaxis.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFuZ2lvZmlicm9tYS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

46 years old Asian patient who is immigrated from china presenting with neck mass, epistaxis, headache, and cervical enlargement. Biopsy reveals pleomorphic keratin-positive epithelial cells (poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma) in a background of lymphocytes?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE5hc29waGFyeW5nZWFsIGNhcmNpbm9tYS4=[Qq]

[q] Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is usually associated with ………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVCVi4=[Qq]

[x][restart]

[/qwiz]